NURS 5315: ADV PATHO EXAM
1 2026/2027 ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Complement Cascade Activated - correct answer--MAC-lysis of
bacteria
-C2b-increase vasodilation and vascular permeability
-C3a/C5a/C4a-triggers mast cell degranulation
-C5a-attracts neutrophils (chemotaxis)
-C3b-enhances opsonization
Kinin system activated - correct answer--turned in to bradykinin
which is released and responsible for pain, chemotaxis, and
increase vascular permeability and vasodilation
Coagulation cascade activated - correct answer--has role in
activating kinin and complement system
-Factor XII (Hageman factor) activates kinin
-ultimate function is to form fibrin mesh to stop bleeding and
trap microorganisms
,Released chemotactic factors attract: - correct answer--
neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes all of which begin to
perform phagocytosis
-will eventually die and rupture releasing their intracellular
contents
-triggers release of acute phase reactants
When do neutrophils show at the injury site? - correct answer-
6-8 hours
When do monocytes show at the injury site? - correct answer-
1-7 days
Mast cell degranulation - correct answer--major step of
inflammatory cascade and has effect on every other aspect
-leads to activation of acute phase reactants
-results in release of histamine, cytokines, leukotrienes, and
prostaglandins
acute phase reactants - correct answer--coagulation proteins
-kinin
-complement
,histamine - correct answer--responsible for vasodilation
-increases vascular permeability
-increases blood flow to injury causing erythema and swelling
cytokines - correct answer--can react quickly or be delayed
-IL4 released early
-IL3 released later
-TNF released early and late
leukotrienes - correct answer--released when mast cell
degranulates
-known as slow reaction substances of anaphylaxis (SRS-A)
-prolong inflammatory response
-cause vasodilation
-attract neutrophils, monocytes, and eosiniophils
-target of inhibition for singulair
prostaglandins - correct answer--released in mast cell
degranulation
, -produced by arachidonic pathway
-cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at injury site, fever
and pain
monocytes additional functions - correct answer--become
macrophages when they enter tissue
-responsible for presenting antigens to CD4 cell which triggers
T cell immunity
-T cell immunity goes on the trigger B cell immunity
monocytes release which cytokines - correct answer--IL1
-IL6
-TNF
-growth factors
IL1 - correct answer--causes fever
-activates phagocytes and lymphocytes
-increases release of IL6
IL6 - correct answer--stimulates production of acute phase
reactants
1 2026/2027 ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Complement Cascade Activated - correct answer--MAC-lysis of
bacteria
-C2b-increase vasodilation and vascular permeability
-C3a/C5a/C4a-triggers mast cell degranulation
-C5a-attracts neutrophils (chemotaxis)
-C3b-enhances opsonization
Kinin system activated - correct answer--turned in to bradykinin
which is released and responsible for pain, chemotaxis, and
increase vascular permeability and vasodilation
Coagulation cascade activated - correct answer--has role in
activating kinin and complement system
-Factor XII (Hageman factor) activates kinin
-ultimate function is to form fibrin mesh to stop bleeding and
trap microorganisms
,Released chemotactic factors attract: - correct answer--
neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes all of which begin to
perform phagocytosis
-will eventually die and rupture releasing their intracellular
contents
-triggers release of acute phase reactants
When do neutrophils show at the injury site? - correct answer-
6-8 hours
When do monocytes show at the injury site? - correct answer-
1-7 days
Mast cell degranulation - correct answer--major step of
inflammatory cascade and has effect on every other aspect
-leads to activation of acute phase reactants
-results in release of histamine, cytokines, leukotrienes, and
prostaglandins
acute phase reactants - correct answer--coagulation proteins
-kinin
-complement
,histamine - correct answer--responsible for vasodilation
-increases vascular permeability
-increases blood flow to injury causing erythema and swelling
cytokines - correct answer--can react quickly or be delayed
-IL4 released early
-IL3 released later
-TNF released early and late
leukotrienes - correct answer--released when mast cell
degranulates
-known as slow reaction substances of anaphylaxis (SRS-A)
-prolong inflammatory response
-cause vasodilation
-attract neutrophils, monocytes, and eosiniophils
-target of inhibition for singulair
prostaglandins - correct answer--released in mast cell
degranulation
, -produced by arachidonic pathway
-cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at injury site, fever
and pain
monocytes additional functions - correct answer--become
macrophages when they enter tissue
-responsible for presenting antigens to CD4 cell which triggers
T cell immunity
-T cell immunity goes on the trigger B cell immunity
monocytes release which cytokines - correct answer--IL1
-IL6
-TNF
-growth factors
IL1 - correct answer--causes fever
-activates phagocytes and lymphocytes
-increases release of IL6
IL6 - correct answer--stimulates production of acute phase
reactants
