Exam Final: NSG3280 / NSG 3280 (Latest
2026/ 2027 Update) Pathophysiology for
Nurses I Guide| Questions & Answers| Grade
A| 100% Correct (Verified Solutions)- Galen
A 24-year-old female presents with excessive menstrual bleeding. The physician
identified
endometrial changes that are due to hormonal imbalances. These cellular changes
would be
referred to as: - ANSWER Pathologic hyperplasia
A 34-year-old was diagnosed with malignant tumor (cancer). The nurse teaches the
patient
about malignant cells. Which of the following is most appropriate explanation
when describing
malignant cells? - ANSWER Malignant cells are dysplastic cells
and are irreversible
A characteristic of a malignant tumor includes that it: - ANSWER
can spread far from the tissue of origin
,A 25-year-old male develops cancer of the breast glandular tissue. What type of
cancer does he
have? - ANSWER adenocarcinoma
When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows that in response to an
increased
workload, cardiac myocardial cells will: - ANSWER Increase in
size
The term apoptosis is appropriately defined as: - ANSWER
programmed cell death
A report comes back indicating that muscular atrophy has occurred. A nurse recalls
that
muscular atrophy involves a decrease in muscle cell - ANSWER
size
A nursing student is studying about cancer and the associated risks for cancer. The
instructor
knows the student understands cancer when which of the following are associated
risks for
cancer? - ANSWER -Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
-hepatitis C virus (HCV)
-hepatitis B virus (HBV)
,-human papillomavirus (HPV)
A primary care provider is attempting to diagnose cancer and is looking for a
tumor marker.
Which of the following could be a possible marker? - ANSWER
Enzymes
A 30-year-old homeless was seen in the emergency room with productive cough of
bloodtinged
sputum. His chest x-ray showed granulomatous disease. Upon further questioning,
he
was found to have had tuberculosis (TB) in distant past. TB infections are likely to
result in
which of the following forms of necrosis? - ANSWER caseous
When discussing body fluid, it is correct to state that: - ANSWER
Two-thirds of the body's water is intracellular.
Rationale: One-third is extracellular. There are two components of the extracellular
compartment: interstitial and intravascular. Total body water is about 60% of body
weight.
Which of the following statements is TRUE? When discussing body fluid
movement, it is correct to state that:
, A) Potassium is the most abundant extracellular fluid (ECF) ion.
B) Sodium maintains the osmotic balance of the intracellular fluid (ICF) space.
C) Water moves freely across membranes.
D) Aquaporins block water movement across the membrane. - ANSWER
C) Water moves freely across the capillary or cell membrane.
Rationale: Aquaporins are a family of water channel proteins that provide
permeability to water at the capillary membrane. Sodium is the major ECF cation,
and potassium is the major ICF cation; this is due to the sodium-potassium pump.
When discussing aldosterone, it is correct to state that: - ANSWER
It is a hormone that is secreted when sodium levels are depressed.
Rationale: Aldosterone is a minerocorticoid secreted from the adrenal gland that is
located on the kidney. Aldosterone is secreted when potassium is increased or
sodium is decreased. Therefore, it makes sense that aldosterone increases sodium
reabsorption to increase a depleted supply. It also increases potassium secretion.
When discussing hyperchloremia (elevated serum chlorine), it is correct to state
that it: - ANSWER Is a result of an underlying disorder.
Rationale: Hyperchloremia is usually related to an underlying disorder, and
therefore, treatment is centered on the underlying disorder. It usually occurs with
an increase in sodium and a deficit of bicarbonate. There are normally no specific
symptoms associated with this syndrome.
2026/ 2027 Update) Pathophysiology for
Nurses I Guide| Questions & Answers| Grade
A| 100% Correct (Verified Solutions)- Galen
A 24-year-old female presents with excessive menstrual bleeding. The physician
identified
endometrial changes that are due to hormonal imbalances. These cellular changes
would be
referred to as: - ANSWER Pathologic hyperplasia
A 34-year-old was diagnosed with malignant tumor (cancer). The nurse teaches the
patient
about malignant cells. Which of the following is most appropriate explanation
when describing
malignant cells? - ANSWER Malignant cells are dysplastic cells
and are irreversible
A characteristic of a malignant tumor includes that it: - ANSWER
can spread far from the tissue of origin
,A 25-year-old male develops cancer of the breast glandular tissue. What type of
cancer does he
have? - ANSWER adenocarcinoma
When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows that in response to an
increased
workload, cardiac myocardial cells will: - ANSWER Increase in
size
The term apoptosis is appropriately defined as: - ANSWER
programmed cell death
A report comes back indicating that muscular atrophy has occurred. A nurse recalls
that
muscular atrophy involves a decrease in muscle cell - ANSWER
size
A nursing student is studying about cancer and the associated risks for cancer. The
instructor
knows the student understands cancer when which of the following are associated
risks for
cancer? - ANSWER -Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
-hepatitis C virus (HCV)
-hepatitis B virus (HBV)
,-human papillomavirus (HPV)
A primary care provider is attempting to diagnose cancer and is looking for a
tumor marker.
Which of the following could be a possible marker? - ANSWER
Enzymes
A 30-year-old homeless was seen in the emergency room with productive cough of
bloodtinged
sputum. His chest x-ray showed granulomatous disease. Upon further questioning,
he
was found to have had tuberculosis (TB) in distant past. TB infections are likely to
result in
which of the following forms of necrosis? - ANSWER caseous
When discussing body fluid, it is correct to state that: - ANSWER
Two-thirds of the body's water is intracellular.
Rationale: One-third is extracellular. There are two components of the extracellular
compartment: interstitial and intravascular. Total body water is about 60% of body
weight.
Which of the following statements is TRUE? When discussing body fluid
movement, it is correct to state that:
, A) Potassium is the most abundant extracellular fluid (ECF) ion.
B) Sodium maintains the osmotic balance of the intracellular fluid (ICF) space.
C) Water moves freely across membranes.
D) Aquaporins block water movement across the membrane. - ANSWER
C) Water moves freely across the capillary or cell membrane.
Rationale: Aquaporins are a family of water channel proteins that provide
permeability to water at the capillary membrane. Sodium is the major ECF cation,
and potassium is the major ICF cation; this is due to the sodium-potassium pump.
When discussing aldosterone, it is correct to state that: - ANSWER
It is a hormone that is secreted when sodium levels are depressed.
Rationale: Aldosterone is a minerocorticoid secreted from the adrenal gland that is
located on the kidney. Aldosterone is secreted when potassium is increased or
sodium is decreased. Therefore, it makes sense that aldosterone increases sodium
reabsorption to increase a depleted supply. It also increases potassium secretion.
When discussing hyperchloremia (elevated serum chlorine), it is correct to state
that it: - ANSWER Is a result of an underlying disorder.
Rationale: Hyperchloremia is usually related to an underlying disorder, and
therefore, treatment is centered on the underlying disorder. It usually occurs with
an increase in sodium and a deficit of bicarbonate. There are normally no specific
symptoms associated with this syndrome.
