Med Surg Cardiovascular Practice Test Bank B
with 288 Questions and Correct Answers with
Rationales/ Medical Surgical Cardiovascular
Exam Questions and Answers Review
Patients with myocarditis are sensitive to which of the following medications?
a) Corticosteroids
b) Digoxin
c) Lasix
d) Penicillin - ANSWER-b) Digoxin
The nurse must closely monitor these patients for digoxin toxicity, which is
evidenced by arrhythmia,, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, headache, and malaise. If
the cause of the myocarditis is haemolytic streptococci, penicillin will be given.
The use of corticosteroids remains controversial.
Myocarditis is most commonly caused by which of the following?
a) Bacterial infection
b) Viral infection
c) Toxic agents
d) Immune-mediated mechanisms - ANSWER-b) Viral infection
1
,Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle, commonly resulting from viral
infection. It may also be caused by bacterial infections, immune-mediated
mechanisms, and toxic agents.
The client teaching instructions for a 57-year-old male client with thrombophlebitis
who is being discharged should include which of the following? Select all that
apply.
a) Ambulate as tolerated.
b) Avoid elevating affected extremity.
c) Take anticoagulant therapy when symptoms occur.
d) Avoid sitting for too long.
e) Perform leg exercises each hour. - ANSWER-a) Ambulate as tolerated.
d) Avoid sitting for too long.
e) Perform leg exercises each hour.
Nurses instruct clients with thrombophlebitis to prevent recurrences by being
active, avoiding knee bending or leg crossing, elevating legs periodically, and
taking long-term anticoagulant therapy exactly as prescribed. Clients should also
watch for and report signs that indicate impaired clotting: nosebleeds, bleeding
gums, rectal bleeding, easy bruising, and prolonged oozing from minor cuts.
The nurse is auscultating the heart sounds of a patient with mitral stenosis. The
pulse rhythm is weak and irregular. What rhythm does the nurse expect to see on
the electrocardiogram (ECG)?
a) First-degree atrioventricular block
b) Ventricular tachycardia
c) Atrial fibrillation
2
,d) Sinus dysrhythmia - ANSWER-c) Atrial fibrillation
In mitral stenosis, the pulse is weak and often irregular because of atrial fibrillation
(caused by strain on the atrium).
A patient with a history of valvular disease has just arrived in the PACU after a
percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty. Which intervention should the recovery nurse
implement?
a) Keep the patient's affected leg straight.
b) Monitor the patient's chest drainage.
c) Evaluate the patient's endotracheal lip line.
d) Assess the patient's chest tube output. - ANSWER-a) Keep the patient's
affected leg straight.
Balloon valvuloplasty is performed in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. A
catheter is inserted into the femoral artery. The patient must keep the affected leg
straight to prevent hemorrhage at the insertion site. It is not an open heart surgery
requiring chest tubes nor a chest dressing. ET tubes are placed when someone has
general anesthesia, and this procedure is performed using light or moderate
sedation.
A patient is admitted with aortic regurgitation. Which of the following medication
classifications are contraindicated since they can cause bradycardia and decrease
ventricular contractility?
a) Calcium channel blockers
b) Beta blockers
c) Ace inhibitors
3
, d) Nitrates - ANSWER-a) Calcium channel blockers
The calcium channel blockers diltiazem (Cardizem) and verapamil (Calan, Isoptin)
are contraindicated for patients with aortic regurgitation as they decrease
ventricular contractility and may cause bradycardia.
A patient who has had a recent myocardial infarction develops pericarditis and
complains of level 6 (on a scale of 0-10) chest pain with deep breathing. Which of
these ordered pro re nata (PRN) medications will be the most appropriate for the
nurse to administer?
a) Morphine sulfate 6 mg IVP every 2-4 hours
b) Acetaminophen (Tylenol) 650 mg per os (po) every 4 hours
c) Ibuprofen (Motrin) 800 mg po every 8 hours
d) Fentanyl 2 mg intravenous pyelogram (IVP) every 2-4 hours - ANSWER-c)
Ibuprofen (Motrin) 800 mg po every 8 hours
Pain associated with pericarditis is caused by inflammation, thus nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen are most effective. Opioid analgesics
are usually not used for the pain associated with pericarditis.
The nurse is performing a neurovascular assessment of a client's injured extremity.
Which of the following would the nurse report?
a) Dusky or mottled skin color
b) Positive distal pulses
c) Skin warm to touch
d) Capillary refill of 3 seconds - ANSWER-a) Dusky or mottled skin color
4
with 288 Questions and Correct Answers with
Rationales/ Medical Surgical Cardiovascular
Exam Questions and Answers Review
Patients with myocarditis are sensitive to which of the following medications?
a) Corticosteroids
b) Digoxin
c) Lasix
d) Penicillin - ANSWER-b) Digoxin
The nurse must closely monitor these patients for digoxin toxicity, which is
evidenced by arrhythmia,, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, headache, and malaise. If
the cause of the myocarditis is haemolytic streptococci, penicillin will be given.
The use of corticosteroids remains controversial.
Myocarditis is most commonly caused by which of the following?
a) Bacterial infection
b) Viral infection
c) Toxic agents
d) Immune-mediated mechanisms - ANSWER-b) Viral infection
1
,Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle, commonly resulting from viral
infection. It may also be caused by bacterial infections, immune-mediated
mechanisms, and toxic agents.
The client teaching instructions for a 57-year-old male client with thrombophlebitis
who is being discharged should include which of the following? Select all that
apply.
a) Ambulate as tolerated.
b) Avoid elevating affected extremity.
c) Take anticoagulant therapy when symptoms occur.
d) Avoid sitting for too long.
e) Perform leg exercises each hour. - ANSWER-a) Ambulate as tolerated.
d) Avoid sitting for too long.
e) Perform leg exercises each hour.
Nurses instruct clients with thrombophlebitis to prevent recurrences by being
active, avoiding knee bending or leg crossing, elevating legs periodically, and
taking long-term anticoagulant therapy exactly as prescribed. Clients should also
watch for and report signs that indicate impaired clotting: nosebleeds, bleeding
gums, rectal bleeding, easy bruising, and prolonged oozing from minor cuts.
The nurse is auscultating the heart sounds of a patient with mitral stenosis. The
pulse rhythm is weak and irregular. What rhythm does the nurse expect to see on
the electrocardiogram (ECG)?
a) First-degree atrioventricular block
b) Ventricular tachycardia
c) Atrial fibrillation
2
,d) Sinus dysrhythmia - ANSWER-c) Atrial fibrillation
In mitral stenosis, the pulse is weak and often irregular because of atrial fibrillation
(caused by strain on the atrium).
A patient with a history of valvular disease has just arrived in the PACU after a
percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty. Which intervention should the recovery nurse
implement?
a) Keep the patient's affected leg straight.
b) Monitor the patient's chest drainage.
c) Evaluate the patient's endotracheal lip line.
d) Assess the patient's chest tube output. - ANSWER-a) Keep the patient's
affected leg straight.
Balloon valvuloplasty is performed in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. A
catheter is inserted into the femoral artery. The patient must keep the affected leg
straight to prevent hemorrhage at the insertion site. It is not an open heart surgery
requiring chest tubes nor a chest dressing. ET tubes are placed when someone has
general anesthesia, and this procedure is performed using light or moderate
sedation.
A patient is admitted with aortic regurgitation. Which of the following medication
classifications are contraindicated since they can cause bradycardia and decrease
ventricular contractility?
a) Calcium channel blockers
b) Beta blockers
c) Ace inhibitors
3
, d) Nitrates - ANSWER-a) Calcium channel blockers
The calcium channel blockers diltiazem (Cardizem) and verapamil (Calan, Isoptin)
are contraindicated for patients with aortic regurgitation as they decrease
ventricular contractility and may cause bradycardia.
A patient who has had a recent myocardial infarction develops pericarditis and
complains of level 6 (on a scale of 0-10) chest pain with deep breathing. Which of
these ordered pro re nata (PRN) medications will be the most appropriate for the
nurse to administer?
a) Morphine sulfate 6 mg IVP every 2-4 hours
b) Acetaminophen (Tylenol) 650 mg per os (po) every 4 hours
c) Ibuprofen (Motrin) 800 mg po every 8 hours
d) Fentanyl 2 mg intravenous pyelogram (IVP) every 2-4 hours - ANSWER-c)
Ibuprofen (Motrin) 800 mg po every 8 hours
Pain associated with pericarditis is caused by inflammation, thus nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen are most effective. Opioid analgesics
are usually not used for the pain associated with pericarditis.
The nurse is performing a neurovascular assessment of a client's injured extremity.
Which of the following would the nurse report?
a) Dusky or mottled skin color
b) Positive distal pulses
c) Skin warm to touch
d) Capillary refill of 3 seconds - ANSWER-a) Dusky or mottled skin color
4
