3 major phases of cell division: - ANSWER Interphase
Mitotic phase
Cytokinesis
3 steps of interphase: - ANSWER First growth phase (G1)
Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
4 phases of mitosis: - ANSWER Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Innate immunity: - ANSWER Non-specific response, either:
1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, macrophages)
Adaptive immunity: - ANSWER Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful. Memory
immunity, including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or immunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory responses)
Define mutations - ANSWER Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
1
,3 main goals of treatment: - ANSWER Cure
Control
Palliation
Define neoadjuvant therapy - ANSWER Treatment is given prior to surgery to shrink the
tumor
Define adjuvant therapy - ANSWER Additional cancer treatment given after the primary
treatment to lower the risk that the cancer reoccur
Define conditioning/preparative therapy - ANSWER Treatments used to prepare a patient
for stem cell transplantation
2 types of conditioning therapies: - ANSWER Myeloablative
Nonmyeloablative
Define dose density - ANSWER Drug dose per unit of time
Define dose intensity - ANSWER Amount of drug delivered over time
How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated? - ANSWER By comparing the dose that
the patient ACTUALLY received to the planned dose of the standard regimen
How do alkylating agents work? - ANSWER By causing a break in the DNA helix strand,
interfering with DNA replication and causing cell death
3 subcategories of alkylating agents: - ANSWER 1. Nitrogen mustards
2
, 2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed alkylating agents as
they work similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
Most common subcategory of alkylating agents: - ANSWER Nitrogen mustards
Common alkylating agents: - ANSWER Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Ifosfamide (Ifex)
Bendamustine (Treanda)
Common platinum-based agents: - ANSWER Cisplatin (Platinol)
Carboplatin (Paraplatin)
What is unique about nitrosoureas agents? - ANSWER Able to cross the blood-brain
barrier; can be effective in treating some brain tumors
Common nitrosoureas agents: - ANSWER Carmustine (BiCNU)
Lomustine (CeeNu)
Streptozocin (Zanosar)
Hypersensitivity can occur with late doses of: - ANSWER Carboplatin
These agents are typically categorized as highly emetogenic: - ANSWER 1. Alkylating
agents
2. Nitrosoureas
Pre-administration labs for alkylating agents and nitrosoureas: - ANSWER BUN
Creatinine
3
Mitotic phase
Cytokinesis
3 steps of interphase: - ANSWER First growth phase (G1)
Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
4 phases of mitosis: - ANSWER Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Innate immunity: - ANSWER Non-specific response, either:
1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, macrophages)
Adaptive immunity: - ANSWER Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful. Memory
immunity, including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or immunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory responses)
Define mutations - ANSWER Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
1
,3 main goals of treatment: - ANSWER Cure
Control
Palliation
Define neoadjuvant therapy - ANSWER Treatment is given prior to surgery to shrink the
tumor
Define adjuvant therapy - ANSWER Additional cancer treatment given after the primary
treatment to lower the risk that the cancer reoccur
Define conditioning/preparative therapy - ANSWER Treatments used to prepare a patient
for stem cell transplantation
2 types of conditioning therapies: - ANSWER Myeloablative
Nonmyeloablative
Define dose density - ANSWER Drug dose per unit of time
Define dose intensity - ANSWER Amount of drug delivered over time
How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated? - ANSWER By comparing the dose that
the patient ACTUALLY received to the planned dose of the standard regimen
How do alkylating agents work? - ANSWER By causing a break in the DNA helix strand,
interfering with DNA replication and causing cell death
3 subcategories of alkylating agents: - ANSWER 1. Nitrogen mustards
2
, 2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed alkylating agents as
they work similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
Most common subcategory of alkylating agents: - ANSWER Nitrogen mustards
Common alkylating agents: - ANSWER Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Ifosfamide (Ifex)
Bendamustine (Treanda)
Common platinum-based agents: - ANSWER Cisplatin (Platinol)
Carboplatin (Paraplatin)
What is unique about nitrosoureas agents? - ANSWER Able to cross the blood-brain
barrier; can be effective in treating some brain tumors
Common nitrosoureas agents: - ANSWER Carmustine (BiCNU)
Lomustine (CeeNu)
Streptozocin (Zanosar)
Hypersensitivity can occur with late doses of: - ANSWER Carboplatin
These agents are typically categorized as highly emetogenic: - ANSWER 1. Alkylating
agents
2. Nitrosoureas
Pre-administration labs for alkylating agents and nitrosoureas: - ANSWER BUN
Creatinine
3
