HESI Case Study Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and
Tuberculosis Latest Update 2026 | Exam Prep | High-Yield
Review Guide
1. What is the primary benefit of using latex condoms in relation to HIV
transmission?
They have no effect on HIV transmission.
They increase the likelihood of HIV transmission.
They reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
They eliminate the risk of HIV transmission.
2. Since client now has oral candidiasis (thrush), in addition to fatigue and
anorexia, which food best contributes to improving his nutrition?
Broiled steak.
Lettuce salad with raw vegetables.
Milk shake.
Tomato soup.
3. If a patient with HIV and tuberculosis develops oral candidiasis, which dietary
modification should a nurse recommend to enhance their nutritional intake?
High-fiber foods
Cold beverages
Soft foods that are easy to swallow
Spicy foods
4. A nurse is caring for a patient with HIV who just started antiretroviral therapy.
How should the nurse explain the purpose of this therapy?
, these medications kill the viral microorganisms that have infected the
patients T cells
these medications provide extra antibodies to help the patients own
immune fight the HIV
these medications treat opportunistic infections that occur in a patient
with HIV
these medications interrupt the replication of the virus at various
stages of its life cycle
5. Mrs. Wong, 74 years old, has been admitted to a medical unit with a diagnosis
of tuberculosis (TB). She has an order for oxygen 3L/min via nasal cannula
prn Mrs. Wong is in an isolation room and has airborne precautions in place.
Because Mrs. Wong does not speak English, her daughter visits frequently.
The PN sees Mrs. Wong's daughter in the hall. She approaches the daughter,
who states that she finds it difficult to speak with her mother while wearing a
mask. What is the most appropriate response for the PN to make?
"It must be very frustrating. Try speaking loudly so she can hear you."
"It will be okay. It is dangerous for you to be exposed to your mother's
disease."
"It's very important for you to wear the mask for your own
protection."
"Hospital policy states that all clients with TB must be placed in
isolation"
6. Which of the following tasks can be delegated to the UAP?
reinforcing a dressing
removing an NG tube
unhooking IV tubing
, urine specimen collection
7. A client is prescribed rifampin for the treatment of tuberculosis. What
information will the nurse include in the client's medication education?
When taking it with warfarin, an increased anticoagulant effect occurs.
The urine and other body fluids will be a discolored red-orange.
It has an increased serum half-life, so it is more effective than rifabutin.
It decreases hepatic enzymes and decreases metabolism of drugs.
8. The nurse is caring for a client who has started therapy for tuberculosis. The
client demonstrates an understanding of tuberculosis transmission when
stating:
"I'm not contagious even if I have night sweats."
"My tuberculosis isn't contagious after I take the medication for 24
hours."
"I'll follow airborne precautions until I have three negative sputum
specimens."
"I'm clear when my chest X-ray is negative."
9. What type of mask should be used by healthcare workers when entering the
room of a patient suspected of having active TB?
Face shield
Cloth mask
N95 respirator
Surgical mask
Tuberculosis Latest Update 2026 | Exam Prep | High-Yield
Review Guide
1. What is the primary benefit of using latex condoms in relation to HIV
transmission?
They have no effect on HIV transmission.
They increase the likelihood of HIV transmission.
They reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
They eliminate the risk of HIV transmission.
2. Since client now has oral candidiasis (thrush), in addition to fatigue and
anorexia, which food best contributes to improving his nutrition?
Broiled steak.
Lettuce salad with raw vegetables.
Milk shake.
Tomato soup.
3. If a patient with HIV and tuberculosis develops oral candidiasis, which dietary
modification should a nurse recommend to enhance their nutritional intake?
High-fiber foods
Cold beverages
Soft foods that are easy to swallow
Spicy foods
4. A nurse is caring for a patient with HIV who just started antiretroviral therapy.
How should the nurse explain the purpose of this therapy?
, these medications kill the viral microorganisms that have infected the
patients T cells
these medications provide extra antibodies to help the patients own
immune fight the HIV
these medications treat opportunistic infections that occur in a patient
with HIV
these medications interrupt the replication of the virus at various
stages of its life cycle
5. Mrs. Wong, 74 years old, has been admitted to a medical unit with a diagnosis
of tuberculosis (TB). She has an order for oxygen 3L/min via nasal cannula
prn Mrs. Wong is in an isolation room and has airborne precautions in place.
Because Mrs. Wong does not speak English, her daughter visits frequently.
The PN sees Mrs. Wong's daughter in the hall. She approaches the daughter,
who states that she finds it difficult to speak with her mother while wearing a
mask. What is the most appropriate response for the PN to make?
"It must be very frustrating. Try speaking loudly so she can hear you."
"It will be okay. It is dangerous for you to be exposed to your mother's
disease."
"It's very important for you to wear the mask for your own
protection."
"Hospital policy states that all clients with TB must be placed in
isolation"
6. Which of the following tasks can be delegated to the UAP?
reinforcing a dressing
removing an NG tube
unhooking IV tubing
, urine specimen collection
7. A client is prescribed rifampin for the treatment of tuberculosis. What
information will the nurse include in the client's medication education?
When taking it with warfarin, an increased anticoagulant effect occurs.
The urine and other body fluids will be a discolored red-orange.
It has an increased serum half-life, so it is more effective than rifabutin.
It decreases hepatic enzymes and decreases metabolism of drugs.
8. The nurse is caring for a client who has started therapy for tuberculosis. The
client demonstrates an understanding of tuberculosis transmission when
stating:
"I'm not contagious even if I have night sweats."
"My tuberculosis isn't contagious after I take the medication for 24
hours."
"I'll follow airborne precautions until I have three negative sputum
specimens."
"I'm clear when my chest X-ray is negative."
9. What type of mask should be used by healthcare workers when entering the
room of a patient suspected of having active TB?
Face shield
Cloth mask
N95 respirator
Surgical mask
