NUR 354 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027
GRADED A+ .
,1. long term complications of diabetes ✔✔ correct answer Cardiovascular disease Kidney
disease
HTN
stroke Blindness
amputations
2. counter-regulatory hormones ✔✔ correct answer when cells lack glucose the liver releases glucagon storage which stimulates
gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis to produce more glucose and ‘blood glucose levels.
-cortisol, epinephrine and growth hormones are released which also increase glucose levels
3. types of diabetes ✔✔ correct answer -Type 1 ✔✔ correct answer Pancreatic β cell destruction ’No insulin production
-Type 2 ✔✔ correct answer insuflcient insulin production or impaired utilization --Pre-Diabetes ✔✔ correct answer impaired glucose tolerance
-Gestational ✔✔ correct answer Develops during pregnancy
-Secondary ✔✔ correct answer Elevated glucose levels caused by a treatment or condition
4. type 1 diabetes ✔✔ correct answer -progressive destruction of beta cells caused by autoimmune attack by T-cellskdjcodjc
-NO INSULIN PRODUCN AT ALL
5. type 1 pathophysiology ✔✔ correct answer -80-90% of β cells are destroyed before signs occur-without insulin, glucose cannot adequately enter the
body cells which causes them to have no energy
-hyperglycemia from free roaming glucose
6. type 1 diabetes etiology ✔✔ correct answer unknown
-genetic predisposition and viral exposure trigger autoimmune attack?
7. type 1 clinical manifestations ✔✔ correct answer -3 P's
-polyphagia(hunger)
-polydipsia(thirst)
-poly uria(pee)
-weight loss(body starts to break down fat for energy cause its not getting glucose)
-weakness, fatigue, dehydration(cells not getting energy)
-rapid onset causes acute symptoms
-diabetic ketoacidosis(can cause coma
, 8. type 2 diabetes ✔✔ correct answer -insuflcient insulin production or impaired utilization most prevalent-
90% of cases
45 y/o is typical onset
9. Type 2 Pathophysiology ✔✔ correct answer -pancreas unable to produce enough insulin(beta-cell fatigue)
-insuline resistance; cell receptor resistance(glucose stays in plasma)
-abnormal production by liver
-hyperglycemia
10. type 2 risk factors ✔✔ correct answer -obesity ✔✔ correct answer abdominal and visceral adiposity
-metabolic syndrome
-unblanced diet & sleep, sedentary lifestyle
11. metabolic syndrome criteria ✔✔ correct answer must have 3/5
-increased waist circumference ✔✔ correct answer <40 men, >35 women
-increase triglycerides
-low HDL
-elevated fasting glucose
-elevated BP
12. risk factors of metabolic syndrome ✔✔ correct answer insuline resistance
-puts pts at risk for CAD, CVD, DM, Renal disease
13. metabolic syndrome management ✔✔ correct answer healthy weight, diet, activity, decreasing risk factors
14. type 2 etiology ✔✔ correct answer Unknown—but genetic disposition increases risk for type 2 and obesity
15. type 2 disparities ✔✔ correct answer historically marginalized ethnic racial groups and low SES
16. type 2 clinical manifestations ✔✔ correct answer often vague, non-specific, occur gradually
-fatigue
-infections(bacterial and yeast)
-vision problems
-delayed wound healing
17. diabetes diagnostic ✔✔ correct answer two positive results on two ditterent days
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027
GRADED A+ .
,1. long term complications of diabetes ✔✔ correct answer Cardiovascular disease Kidney
disease
HTN
stroke Blindness
amputations
2. counter-regulatory hormones ✔✔ correct answer when cells lack glucose the liver releases glucagon storage which stimulates
gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis to produce more glucose and ‘blood glucose levels.
-cortisol, epinephrine and growth hormones are released which also increase glucose levels
3. types of diabetes ✔✔ correct answer -Type 1 ✔✔ correct answer Pancreatic β cell destruction ’No insulin production
-Type 2 ✔✔ correct answer insuflcient insulin production or impaired utilization --Pre-Diabetes ✔✔ correct answer impaired glucose tolerance
-Gestational ✔✔ correct answer Develops during pregnancy
-Secondary ✔✔ correct answer Elevated glucose levels caused by a treatment or condition
4. type 1 diabetes ✔✔ correct answer -progressive destruction of beta cells caused by autoimmune attack by T-cellskdjcodjc
-NO INSULIN PRODUCN AT ALL
5. type 1 pathophysiology ✔✔ correct answer -80-90% of β cells are destroyed before signs occur-without insulin, glucose cannot adequately enter the
body cells which causes them to have no energy
-hyperglycemia from free roaming glucose
6. type 1 diabetes etiology ✔✔ correct answer unknown
-genetic predisposition and viral exposure trigger autoimmune attack?
7. type 1 clinical manifestations ✔✔ correct answer -3 P's
-polyphagia(hunger)
-polydipsia(thirst)
-poly uria(pee)
-weight loss(body starts to break down fat for energy cause its not getting glucose)
-weakness, fatigue, dehydration(cells not getting energy)
-rapid onset causes acute symptoms
-diabetic ketoacidosis(can cause coma
, 8. type 2 diabetes ✔✔ correct answer -insuflcient insulin production or impaired utilization most prevalent-
90% of cases
45 y/o is typical onset
9. Type 2 Pathophysiology ✔✔ correct answer -pancreas unable to produce enough insulin(beta-cell fatigue)
-insuline resistance; cell receptor resistance(glucose stays in plasma)
-abnormal production by liver
-hyperglycemia
10. type 2 risk factors ✔✔ correct answer -obesity ✔✔ correct answer abdominal and visceral adiposity
-metabolic syndrome
-unblanced diet & sleep, sedentary lifestyle
11. metabolic syndrome criteria ✔✔ correct answer must have 3/5
-increased waist circumference ✔✔ correct answer <40 men, >35 women
-increase triglycerides
-low HDL
-elevated fasting glucose
-elevated BP
12. risk factors of metabolic syndrome ✔✔ correct answer insuline resistance
-puts pts at risk for CAD, CVD, DM, Renal disease
13. metabolic syndrome management ✔✔ correct answer healthy weight, diet, activity, decreasing risk factors
14. type 2 etiology ✔✔ correct answer Unknown—but genetic disposition increases risk for type 2 and obesity
15. type 2 disparities ✔✔ correct answer historically marginalized ethnic racial groups and low SES
16. type 2 clinical manifestations ✔✔ correct answer often vague, non-specific, occur gradually
-fatigue
-infections(bacterial and yeast)
-vision problems
-delayed wound healing
17. diabetes diagnostic ✔✔ correct answer two positive results on two ditterent days
