JUST 355 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
Poverty, Inc. - ANS A critique of the global aid system arguing that well-intentioned aid can
undermine local economies. In global poverty, this shows up when foreign goods, NGOs, or
donors replace local businesses—e.g., donated clothing destroying local textile markets.
Clinical economics - ANS An approach (associated with Jeffrey Sachs) that treats poverty like
a medical condition: diagnose specific barriers (malaria, lack of roads, soil depletion) and apply
targeted solutions. In poverty contexts, it assumes problems are technical and solvable with
expertise.
"Big five" development interventions - ANS Large-scale, high-impact investments (e.g.,
infrastructure, health, education, agriculture, governance). In poverty, these are meant to
address structural barriers that trap entire populations.
Legend of the "big push" - ANS The idea that poor countries need a massive, coordinated
investment to escape poverty traps. In practice, this relates to large aid packages meant to
kickstart development—but critics argue it often fails due to corruption or poor
implementation.
Planners vs. Searchers - ANS Planners: top-down experts designing solutions
Searchers: bottom-up problem-solvers who adapt to local needs In poverty, searchers tend to
succeed more because they respond to real conditions instead of imposing abstract solutions.
Accompaniment - ANS A long-term, relationship-based approach where development actors
walk alongside communities rather than directing them. In poverty contexts, it emphasizes
dignity, trust, and local agency.
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, Hunger - ANS Chronic lack of sufficient calories. In global poverty, hunger is often not about
food scarcity globally, but lack of access due to income and inequality.
Malnutrition/"Hidden hunger" - ANS Lack of essential nutrients (vitamins, minerals), even
when calories are sufficient. Poor populations may eat enough food but still suffer stunted
growth and disease.
Food (in) security - ANS Reliable access to sufficient, nutritious food. Poverty creates food
insecurity through unstable income, climate shocks, and market volatility.
Commodity speculation - ANS Financial betting on food prices. In poverty contexts, this can
drive up food costs, making staples unaffordable for the poor.
Land grabbing - ANS Wealthy investors or governments acquiring large tracts of land in poor
countries, often displacing small farmers and worsening rural poverty.
Food dumping - ANS Exporting subsidized food (often from wealthy countries) into poorer
markets, undercutting local farmers and increasing dependency.
Biofortified crops - ANS Crops engineered to contain more nutrients (e.g., vitamin A rice).
These address hidden hunger without requiring major dietary changes.
Food sovereignty - ANS The right of people to control their own food systems. In poverty, this
emphasizes local agriculture, autonomy, and resistance to global market domination.
Global health inequality - ANS Systematic differences in health outcomes between rich and
poor populations. Poverty leads to higher mortality, shorter life expectancy, and limited access
to care.
Unequal burden of disease - ANS Poor populations disproportionately suffer from
preventable diseases (e.g., malaria, tuberculosis).
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 6
ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
Poverty, Inc. - ANS A critique of the global aid system arguing that well-intentioned aid can
undermine local economies. In global poverty, this shows up when foreign goods, NGOs, or
donors replace local businesses—e.g., donated clothing destroying local textile markets.
Clinical economics - ANS An approach (associated with Jeffrey Sachs) that treats poverty like
a medical condition: diagnose specific barriers (malaria, lack of roads, soil depletion) and apply
targeted solutions. In poverty contexts, it assumes problems are technical and solvable with
expertise.
"Big five" development interventions - ANS Large-scale, high-impact investments (e.g.,
infrastructure, health, education, agriculture, governance). In poverty, these are meant to
address structural barriers that trap entire populations.
Legend of the "big push" - ANS The idea that poor countries need a massive, coordinated
investment to escape poverty traps. In practice, this relates to large aid packages meant to
kickstart development—but critics argue it often fails due to corruption or poor
implementation.
Planners vs. Searchers - ANS Planners: top-down experts designing solutions
Searchers: bottom-up problem-solvers who adapt to local needs In poverty, searchers tend to
succeed more because they respond to real conditions instead of imposing abstract solutions.
Accompaniment - ANS A long-term, relationship-based approach where development actors
walk alongside communities rather than directing them. In poverty contexts, it emphasizes
dignity, trust, and local agency.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 6
, Hunger - ANS Chronic lack of sufficient calories. In global poverty, hunger is often not about
food scarcity globally, but lack of access due to income and inequality.
Malnutrition/"Hidden hunger" - ANS Lack of essential nutrients (vitamins, minerals), even
when calories are sufficient. Poor populations may eat enough food but still suffer stunted
growth and disease.
Food (in) security - ANS Reliable access to sufficient, nutritious food. Poverty creates food
insecurity through unstable income, climate shocks, and market volatility.
Commodity speculation - ANS Financial betting on food prices. In poverty contexts, this can
drive up food costs, making staples unaffordable for the poor.
Land grabbing - ANS Wealthy investors or governments acquiring large tracts of land in poor
countries, often displacing small farmers and worsening rural poverty.
Food dumping - ANS Exporting subsidized food (often from wealthy countries) into poorer
markets, undercutting local farmers and increasing dependency.
Biofortified crops - ANS Crops engineered to contain more nutrients (e.g., vitamin A rice).
These address hidden hunger without requiring major dietary changes.
Food sovereignty - ANS The right of people to control their own food systems. In poverty, this
emphasizes local agriculture, autonomy, and resistance to global market domination.
Global health inequality - ANS Systematic differences in health outcomes between rich and
poor populations. Poverty leads to higher mortality, shorter life expectancy, and limited access
to care.
Unequal burden of disease - ANS Poor populations disproportionately suffer from
preventable diseases (e.g., malaria, tuberculosis).
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 6
