NSG-3250 EXAM 3 with Complete Questions and
Answer with Detailed Rationales Already Graded A+ |
2026/2027 updated
left hemisphere functions
-right hand
-spoken language
-number skills
-scientific functions
-written language
-reasoning
Right hemisphere functions
-left hand
-music
-spacial orientation
-artistic function
-insight
-creativity
The cerebrum makes up the: _____, ______, ________,and______ lobes
Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
The brain stem makes up the: _____, _____,andthe _____
Midbrain, pons,andmedulla
If there is a drop of 2 points or more in the GCS, this indicates a
significant clinical changeandthe MD should be notified
Headaches (cephalgia) s/s include
significant discomfort that can interfere with lifestyle
Headaches are caused by __________ in cranium
,blood vessel dilation
Secondary headaches may indicate
tumors or aneurysm
Persistent headaches may require _________
intervention
What kind of medications would treat headaches?
Triptans: ***(IMPORTANT)***** (Imitrex)
-vasoconstrictor
-reduce inflammation
-reduce pain
-first line treatment
*Prophylactic meds prevent headaches*
Non-pharmacologic interventions for headache treatments include:
Dark room
local heat
massage
avoid foods with taramines
Ischemic strokes are caused by ________
sudden occlusion of cerebral artery due to thrombus or embolus
due to arthersclerosis (THROMBOSIS)
due to cardiac dysrhythmias (EMBOLISM)
Some manifestations of ischemic stroke include:
Numbness or weakness of face, arm, or legs
aphasia
vision loss
mental status change
change in communication
Interventions for ischemic strokes:
,Body positioning to prevent contracturesandcompressive neuropathies
ROM 4-5 times a day to prevent DVTs, or VTEs,
Hemorrhagic strokes are caused by
Bleeding in the brain secondary to chronic HTN or an aneurysm
Some manifestations of hemorrhagic strokes include
having the "worst headache of my life"
alteration of LOC
seizures
sudden onset of agitation (priority)
changes in pupils
Being unarousable, unconsciousness,andunresponsiveness are indicators of
Coma
Unresponsiveness to environment, makes no movement or sounds but can open eyes is called
_______
Akinetic mutism
devoid of cognitive function but has sleep-wake cycles
persistent vegetative state
•inability to move or respond except for eye movements due to a lesion affecting the pons
Locked-in syndrome
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
an increase in fluids around the brain which causes pressure due to nonexpendable skull, less
arterial blood can enter the "high pressure" areaandtissue becomes compressed, decrease
function of neurons, brain tissue eventually dies, leads to widespread loss of function
Brain tissues may shift through the duraandresult in
herniation
increased CO2 results in
vasodilation
Decreased CO2 results in
, vasoconstriction
Episodes of abnormal motor, sensory, autonomic, or psychic activity that results from a
sudden excessive discharge from cerebral neurons is called
seizures
Neuro overload, lack of sleep, brain tumor, electrolyte imbalance, alcohol withdrawal are risk
factors for
seizures
Staring or subtle body movementandbrief loss of consciousness are ________ seizures
absence (Petit mal)
Sudden twitching or jerks of arms or legs are types of _______ seizures
myoclonic seizures
Loss of normal muscle tone, suddenly collapse or fall are ________ seizures
Atonic (drop seizures)
The most intense type that causes LOC, intermittent stiffening or shaking,andloss of bladder
control indicate __________ seizures
Tonic-clonic (grand mal)
The responsibility of the nurse during a seizure episode is to _______________
observeandrecord the signsandsequence of events
Dilantin (phenytoin) therapeutic range
10-20 mcg/mL
If phenytoin levels are below 10, what do you administer?
Dilantin
After the seizure (postictal), what should the nurse do?
assess airwayandpositioning
Also, turn patient on their side or start suctioning to prevent aspiration
Check vitals
Answer with Detailed Rationales Already Graded A+ |
2026/2027 updated
left hemisphere functions
-right hand
-spoken language
-number skills
-scientific functions
-written language
-reasoning
Right hemisphere functions
-left hand
-music
-spacial orientation
-artistic function
-insight
-creativity
The cerebrum makes up the: _____, ______, ________,and______ lobes
Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
The brain stem makes up the: _____, _____,andthe _____
Midbrain, pons,andmedulla
If there is a drop of 2 points or more in the GCS, this indicates a
significant clinical changeandthe MD should be notified
Headaches (cephalgia) s/s include
significant discomfort that can interfere with lifestyle
Headaches are caused by __________ in cranium
,blood vessel dilation
Secondary headaches may indicate
tumors or aneurysm
Persistent headaches may require _________
intervention
What kind of medications would treat headaches?
Triptans: ***(IMPORTANT)***** (Imitrex)
-vasoconstrictor
-reduce inflammation
-reduce pain
-first line treatment
*Prophylactic meds prevent headaches*
Non-pharmacologic interventions for headache treatments include:
Dark room
local heat
massage
avoid foods with taramines
Ischemic strokes are caused by ________
sudden occlusion of cerebral artery due to thrombus or embolus
due to arthersclerosis (THROMBOSIS)
due to cardiac dysrhythmias (EMBOLISM)
Some manifestations of ischemic stroke include:
Numbness or weakness of face, arm, or legs
aphasia
vision loss
mental status change
change in communication
Interventions for ischemic strokes:
,Body positioning to prevent contracturesandcompressive neuropathies
ROM 4-5 times a day to prevent DVTs, or VTEs,
Hemorrhagic strokes are caused by
Bleeding in the brain secondary to chronic HTN or an aneurysm
Some manifestations of hemorrhagic strokes include
having the "worst headache of my life"
alteration of LOC
seizures
sudden onset of agitation (priority)
changes in pupils
Being unarousable, unconsciousness,andunresponsiveness are indicators of
Coma
Unresponsiveness to environment, makes no movement or sounds but can open eyes is called
_______
Akinetic mutism
devoid of cognitive function but has sleep-wake cycles
persistent vegetative state
•inability to move or respond except for eye movements due to a lesion affecting the pons
Locked-in syndrome
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
an increase in fluids around the brain which causes pressure due to nonexpendable skull, less
arterial blood can enter the "high pressure" areaandtissue becomes compressed, decrease
function of neurons, brain tissue eventually dies, leads to widespread loss of function
Brain tissues may shift through the duraandresult in
herniation
increased CO2 results in
vasodilation
Decreased CO2 results in
, vasoconstriction
Episodes of abnormal motor, sensory, autonomic, or psychic activity that results from a
sudden excessive discharge from cerebral neurons is called
seizures
Neuro overload, lack of sleep, brain tumor, electrolyte imbalance, alcohol withdrawal are risk
factors for
seizures
Staring or subtle body movementandbrief loss of consciousness are ________ seizures
absence (Petit mal)
Sudden twitching or jerks of arms or legs are types of _______ seizures
myoclonic seizures
Loss of normal muscle tone, suddenly collapse or fall are ________ seizures
Atonic (drop seizures)
The most intense type that causes LOC, intermittent stiffening or shaking,andloss of bladder
control indicate __________ seizures
Tonic-clonic (grand mal)
The responsibility of the nurse during a seizure episode is to _______________
observeandrecord the signsandsequence of events
Dilantin (phenytoin) therapeutic range
10-20 mcg/mL
If phenytoin levels are below 10, what do you administer?
Dilantin
After the seizure (postictal), what should the nurse do?
assess airwayandpositioning
Also, turn patient on their side or start suctioning to prevent aspiration
Check vitals
