ATI TEAS: SCIENCE | 2026 UPDATED STUDY
GUIDE WITH PRACTICE QUESTIONS,
ANSWERS, AND RATIONALES
| GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales Included
,What is the diaphragm? The muscle at the bottom of the thoracic cavity
What happens during inhalation? Diaphragm moves down (contracts), rib cage rises, volume of chest cavity
increases, air moves in to fill the space
What happens during exhalation? Diaphragm moves up (relaxes), rib cage lowers, space becomes smaller, air is
pushed out of lungs
What does the medulla oblongata do? Controls breathing
What is chronic bronchitis? Bronchi swell and become clogged with mucus
What is emphysema? Tissues in lungs lose elasticity; tissues can't enough O2 or get rid of enough CO2
What is lung cancer? Cells that do not stop reproducing; can spread to other locations because lungs
are so central and connected to so much; survival is generally less then 5 years
from diagnosis
What is heart disease? Blood vessels are constricted, blood pressure rises, heart has to work harder,
heart wears out more quickly
What is cystic fibrosis? Genetic (recessive); lungs can get clogged with mucous
What is mesothelioma? Lungs become exposed to asbestos and lose elasticity
What is elastic recoil? The ability for the alveoli to get filled with air then return to their normal shape
once the air is released
What is a spirometer? an instrument for measuring the air capacity of the lungs
What is tidal volume? The amount of air taken in and breathed out in a typical breath
What is supplemental volume? The xtra air that can be inhaled or exhaled with a deep breath
What is reserve amount? The amount of extra air you can breathe out when you force air out of your lungs
What is residual amount? The amount of air in your lungs that you cannot get rid of (even during forced
exhaling)
What is vital capacity? All the air you can control going in or out of your lungs (supplemental + reserve =
vital)
What is total capacity? From the top of your supplemental amount to the bottom of your residual volume
,Main idea the most important or central thought of a paragraph or larger section of text,
which tells the reader what the text is about
Topic a particular issue or idea that serves as the subject of a paragraph, essay, report,
or speech
-topic is the general subject of a paragraph What's the difference between a topic and main idea?
-Topics are simple and are described with just a word or a
phrase.
-main idea is a complete sentence; it includes the topic
Key ideas Ideas that support controlling idea
Controlling idea -your opinion about the topic.
- It helps the reader understand your purpose for writing the paragraph or essay
Conclusion A deduction made by the reader about an unstated outcome from reading
passage
Inference A conclusion one can draw from the presented details.
anatomical position a standard position in which the body is facing forward, the feet are parallel to
each other, and the arms are at the sides with the palms facing forward
Cells The basic unit of structure and function in all living things
Cellular functions Processes that include growth, metabolism, replication, protein synthesis, and
movement
Directional terminology Words used to explain relationships of locations of anatomical elements (distal,
posterior, medial, etc.)
organ system A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions.
Organelle specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a
eukaryotic cell
Organ A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
Reference Planes Planes dividing the body to describe locations
(ex: sagittal, coronal, and transverse)
Tissue A group of similar cells that perform a specific function.
, Eukaryotic cells Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes.
prokaryotic cell cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. (Bacteria)
Ribosome site of protein synthesis
Nucleus A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and
reproduction
Nucleolus Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes
Cytoplasm A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
Gogli Apparatus organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages prooteins and other materials
from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell
Vacuole A sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum creates lipids or fat
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum An endomembrane system covered with ribosomes where many proteins for
transport are assembled.
Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production
DNA A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the
chromosomes.
RNA A single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic messages
Mitosis part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
-four-stage process that creates two identical cells from one original cell.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
Lysosomes cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the
cell
cell membrane thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Cell wall found only in plant and bacteria this structure is found outside the cell membrane
and serves as a more rigid protective barrier
mRNA messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to
the ribosome
GUIDE WITH PRACTICE QUESTIONS,
ANSWERS, AND RATIONALES
| GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales Included
,What is the diaphragm? The muscle at the bottom of the thoracic cavity
What happens during inhalation? Diaphragm moves down (contracts), rib cage rises, volume of chest cavity
increases, air moves in to fill the space
What happens during exhalation? Diaphragm moves up (relaxes), rib cage lowers, space becomes smaller, air is
pushed out of lungs
What does the medulla oblongata do? Controls breathing
What is chronic bronchitis? Bronchi swell and become clogged with mucus
What is emphysema? Tissues in lungs lose elasticity; tissues can't enough O2 or get rid of enough CO2
What is lung cancer? Cells that do not stop reproducing; can spread to other locations because lungs
are so central and connected to so much; survival is generally less then 5 years
from diagnosis
What is heart disease? Blood vessels are constricted, blood pressure rises, heart has to work harder,
heart wears out more quickly
What is cystic fibrosis? Genetic (recessive); lungs can get clogged with mucous
What is mesothelioma? Lungs become exposed to asbestos and lose elasticity
What is elastic recoil? The ability for the alveoli to get filled with air then return to their normal shape
once the air is released
What is a spirometer? an instrument for measuring the air capacity of the lungs
What is tidal volume? The amount of air taken in and breathed out in a typical breath
What is supplemental volume? The xtra air that can be inhaled or exhaled with a deep breath
What is reserve amount? The amount of extra air you can breathe out when you force air out of your lungs
What is residual amount? The amount of air in your lungs that you cannot get rid of (even during forced
exhaling)
What is vital capacity? All the air you can control going in or out of your lungs (supplemental + reserve =
vital)
What is total capacity? From the top of your supplemental amount to the bottom of your residual volume
,Main idea the most important or central thought of a paragraph or larger section of text,
which tells the reader what the text is about
Topic a particular issue or idea that serves as the subject of a paragraph, essay, report,
or speech
-topic is the general subject of a paragraph What's the difference between a topic and main idea?
-Topics are simple and are described with just a word or a
phrase.
-main idea is a complete sentence; it includes the topic
Key ideas Ideas that support controlling idea
Controlling idea -your opinion about the topic.
- It helps the reader understand your purpose for writing the paragraph or essay
Conclusion A deduction made by the reader about an unstated outcome from reading
passage
Inference A conclusion one can draw from the presented details.
anatomical position a standard position in which the body is facing forward, the feet are parallel to
each other, and the arms are at the sides with the palms facing forward
Cells The basic unit of structure and function in all living things
Cellular functions Processes that include growth, metabolism, replication, protein synthesis, and
movement
Directional terminology Words used to explain relationships of locations of anatomical elements (distal,
posterior, medial, etc.)
organ system A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions.
Organelle specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a
eukaryotic cell
Organ A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
Reference Planes Planes dividing the body to describe locations
(ex: sagittal, coronal, and transverse)
Tissue A group of similar cells that perform a specific function.
, Eukaryotic cells Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes.
prokaryotic cell cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. (Bacteria)
Ribosome site of protein synthesis
Nucleus A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and
reproduction
Nucleolus Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes
Cytoplasm A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
Gogli Apparatus organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages prooteins and other materials
from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell
Vacuole A sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum creates lipids or fat
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum An endomembrane system covered with ribosomes where many proteins for
transport are assembled.
Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production
DNA A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the
chromosomes.
RNA A single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic messages
Mitosis part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
-four-stage process that creates two identical cells from one original cell.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
Lysosomes cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the
cell
cell membrane thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Cell wall found only in plant and bacteria this structure is found outside the cell membrane
and serves as a more rigid protective barrier
mRNA messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to
the ribosome
