Lippincott QA NCLEX RN review EXAM A+ GRADE ASSURED COMPLETE SOLUTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE!!!!

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Exam Solution zm




Lippincott's Illustrated Q&A Review of Histology Ch 13 zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm




GI Tract 2026 A+ GRADE ASSURED COMPLETE SOLUTI
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ONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (F5A22)
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QUESTION 1 zm




During a small group discussion, you are asked to explain structural and functional di
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fferences between rugae, villi, microvilli, plicae circulares, teniae coli, and haustra. Ru
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gae are found in which of the following segments of the GI tract? (
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A) Esophagus (
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B) Large intestine (
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C) Rectum/anal canal (
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D) Small intestine (
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E) Stomach
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ANSWER

The answer is E: Stomach. Rugae are characteristic features of the stomach. These longitudinal folds
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m(or ridges) enable the stomach to distend as it fills with food. Ménétrier disease (hyperplastic hyper
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secretory gastropathy) is an uncommon disorder of the stomach that is characterized by enlarged ru
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gae. Plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli are elaborations of the mucosa or submucosa in the small i
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ntestine that increase the surface area for nutrient absorption. Teniae coli are longitudinal bands of
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smooth muscle in the colon that regulate segmentation and peristalsis. Haustra are large sacculation
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s of the large intestine. None of the other segments of the GI tract exhibit rugae. Keywords: Stomac
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h, rugae
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QUESTION 2 zm




The visible mucus identified in Question 10 contains a high concentration of which of
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the following biomolecules? (
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A) Bicarbonate and potassium (
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B) Hydrochloric acid (
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C) Lysozyme (
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D) Polypeptide hormones (
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E) Proteases
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ANSWER

, The answer is A: Bicarbonate and potassium. The visible mucus that coats the gastric lumen is comp
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osed of heavily glycosylated proteins (mucins). In addition to mucins, surface mucous cells secrete bi
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carbonate ions and potassium. These molecules/minerals provide the mucus with an alkaline pH tha
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t serves to neutralize stomach acid near the lining epithelium. The other biomolecules are important
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mcomponents of gastric juice, but mucous cells do not produce them. Keywords: Stomach, cardiac gla
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QUESTION 3 zm




A 25-year-
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old woman suffers massive trauma and internal bleeding in a motorcycle accident and
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expires. The patient's visceral organs are examined at autopsy. Identify the segment
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of the GI tract shown in the image. (
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A) Cardia of the stomach (
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B) Esophagogastric junction (
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C) Fundus of the stomach (
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D) Gastroduodenal junction (
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E) Ileocecal junction
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ANSWER

The answer is C: Fundus of the stomach. This image shows gastric glands emptying into the bottom
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of gastric pits. These fundic glands are populated largely by parietal cells in the neck of the gland a
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nd chief cells at the base of the gland. Parietal and chief cells are not present in cardiac and pyloric
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mglands. Secretory cells of the gastric mucosa produce nearly 2 L of gastric juice per day. None of th
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e other segments of the GI tract exhibit the distinctive histologic features of the fundus of the stoma
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ch. Keywords: Stomach, fundus
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QUESTION 4 zm




For the autopsy specimen provided for Question 17, identify the basophilic cells cluste
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red at the base of the gastric glands (lower right corner, shown in the image). (
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A) Chief cells (
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B) Enteroendocrine cells (
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C) Mucous cells (
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D) Paneth cells (
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E) Parietal cells
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ANSWER

The answer is A: Chief cells. Pepsinogen-
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secreting chief cells are located at the base of the gastric glands. Pepsin (the active enzyme) cleaves
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mproteins within the lumen of the stomach into peptides that are further degraded to amino acids in
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mthe small intestine. Pepsinogen (the pepsin precursor enzyme) is stored within zymogen granules in
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mthe apical cytoplasm of chief cells. As mentioned above, enteroendocrine cells would be difficult to i
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dentify without the use of special stains. None of the other cells are found in the fundus of branche
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d tubular gastric glands. Keywords: Stomach, chief cells
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