NURS5463 EXAM 4 EXAMPREP 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
ALREADY PASSED
◉ pH.
Answer: 7.35-7.45
◉ pCO2.
Answer: 35-45 mm/Hg
◉ pO2.
Answer: 80-95 mm/Hg
◉ HCO3.
Answer: 22-26 mEq/L
◉ O2 sats.
Answer: 95-99%
◉ Glucose.
Answer: 70-110
,◉ Serum Osmolality (normal range).
Answer: 285-295 mOsm/kg
◉ Urine osmolality normal range.
Answer: 50-1200 mOsm/kg
◉ Hypovolemia: Lab value expectations.
Answer: concentrated
Increased:
• Hct (unless due to
hemorrhage)
• Osmolality
• Specific Gravity
• Sodium
• BUN
◉ Hypervolemia - Lab value expectations.
Answer: Blood and urine is diluted
Decreased:
• Hct
• Osmolality
,• Specific Gravity
• Sodium
• BUN
◉ Hypovolemia S/S.
Answer: S&S Include: poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes,
tachycardia, decreased BP, increased respirations, sunken eyes,
weakness, fatigue, dizziness, increased thirst, decreased output,
altered consciousness and hypotension late signs
◉ Hypovolemia causes.
Answer: fluid loss from vomiting, diarrhea, GI suctioning, sweating,
decreased intake, inability to gain access to fluid
renal disease, trauma, burns
◉ Hypervolemia S/S.
Answer: bounding pulse, SOB, dyspnea, rales/crackles, peripheral
edema, HTN, JVD, headache, confusion, rapid weight gain
◉ Hypervolemia causes.
Answer: excessive sodium or fluid intake, fluid or sodium retention,
shift in fluid from interstitial to intravascular space, administering
sodium infusions too rapidly, low intake of dietary protein, heart
failure, liver cirrhosis, kidney disease
, ◉ pediatric fluid and electrolyte considerations.
Answer: •More vulnerable to imbalances
•Body Surface Area proportionally greater
•Percentage of water in body greater (70%)
•Respiratory and metabolic rates are higher
◉ Average adult intake and output;
how much insensible losses per day?.
Answer: Intake = 2,000 to 3,000 mL/day
Output = 2,300 to 2,600 mL/day
•Typical losses in a day
•Urine output
•Insensible losses = 500ml-1000ml/day
◉ older adult fluid and electrolyte considerations.
Answer: •Thirst response diminished
•Decreased ability to conserve water
•Chronic disease impacts F & E balances
◉ Gender & Body Size affects Fluid & Electrolytes how:.
Answer: - fat cells have little or no water
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
ALREADY PASSED
◉ pH.
Answer: 7.35-7.45
◉ pCO2.
Answer: 35-45 mm/Hg
◉ pO2.
Answer: 80-95 mm/Hg
◉ HCO3.
Answer: 22-26 mEq/L
◉ O2 sats.
Answer: 95-99%
◉ Glucose.
Answer: 70-110
,◉ Serum Osmolality (normal range).
Answer: 285-295 mOsm/kg
◉ Urine osmolality normal range.
Answer: 50-1200 mOsm/kg
◉ Hypovolemia: Lab value expectations.
Answer: concentrated
Increased:
• Hct (unless due to
hemorrhage)
• Osmolality
• Specific Gravity
• Sodium
• BUN
◉ Hypervolemia - Lab value expectations.
Answer: Blood and urine is diluted
Decreased:
• Hct
• Osmolality
,• Specific Gravity
• Sodium
• BUN
◉ Hypovolemia S/S.
Answer: S&S Include: poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes,
tachycardia, decreased BP, increased respirations, sunken eyes,
weakness, fatigue, dizziness, increased thirst, decreased output,
altered consciousness and hypotension late signs
◉ Hypovolemia causes.
Answer: fluid loss from vomiting, diarrhea, GI suctioning, sweating,
decreased intake, inability to gain access to fluid
renal disease, trauma, burns
◉ Hypervolemia S/S.
Answer: bounding pulse, SOB, dyspnea, rales/crackles, peripheral
edema, HTN, JVD, headache, confusion, rapid weight gain
◉ Hypervolemia causes.
Answer: excessive sodium or fluid intake, fluid or sodium retention,
shift in fluid from interstitial to intravascular space, administering
sodium infusions too rapidly, low intake of dietary protein, heart
failure, liver cirrhosis, kidney disease
, ◉ pediatric fluid and electrolyte considerations.
Answer: •More vulnerable to imbalances
•Body Surface Area proportionally greater
•Percentage of water in body greater (70%)
•Respiratory and metabolic rates are higher
◉ Average adult intake and output;
how much insensible losses per day?.
Answer: Intake = 2,000 to 3,000 mL/day
Output = 2,300 to 2,600 mL/day
•Typical losses in a day
•Urine output
•Insensible losses = 500ml-1000ml/day
◉ older adult fluid and electrolyte considerations.
Answer: •Thirst response diminished
•Decreased ability to conserve water
•Chronic disease impacts F & E balances
◉ Gender & Body Size affects Fluid & Electrolytes how:.
Answer: - fat cells have little or no water
