nurs NURS 5315: Advanced Pathophysiology Final
Exam
NURS 5315: Advanced Pathophysiology
Final Exam Review Question Bank
(Latest 2024-2025): Advanced
Pharmacology Fundamentals –
Chamberlain
What ABG value is consistent with a patient in respiratory distress
breathing 33 breaths per minute? - Answer - PCO2 15, indicating
hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis.
What is the likely cause of disorientation and lethargy in a patient with
a sodium level of 115 mEq/L? - Answer - Water has shifted into
the neurons, causing them to swell.
Which electrolyte imbalance should be monitored in a patient
experiencing dehydration? - Answer - Hyperkalemia, due to
increased serum osmolality pulling potassium into the intravascular
space.
What is the chance that a baby will inherit an autosomal recessive
disease if one parent has the disease and the other is heterozygous? -
Answer - 25% chance of having the disease.
How many pairs of chromosomes are present in each human cell? -
Answer - 23 pairs, totaling 46 chromosomes.
What are the first 22 pairs of chromosomes known as? - Answer -
Autosomes.
1|Page
NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Review Question Bank (Latest 2024-2025) Advanced
Pharmacology Fundamentals - Chamberlain
,nurs NURS 5315: Advanced Pathophysiology Final
Exam
What genetic information does the 23rd pair of chromosomes
determine? - Answer - The genetic information for gender.
What chromosome pair do females have? - Answer - Two X
chromosomes (XX).
What chromosome pair do males have? - Answer - One X and one
Y chromosome (XY).
What process separates chromosomes into two identical sets during cell
division? - Answer - Mitosis or meiosis.
What is the significance of chromosomes during cell division? -
Answer - They transfer genetic information to daughter cells.
What happens to neurons during hypernatremia? - Answer -
Water shifts out of the cell into the intravascular space, causing
dehydration of the neurons.
What is the pH value indicative of respiratory alkalosis? - Answer -
A pH greater than 7.45.
What is the expected effect of hyperventilation on CO2 levels? -
Answer - It results in low PCO2 levels.
2|Page
NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Review Question Bank (Latest 2024-2025) Advanced
Pharmacology Fundamentals - Chamberlain
,nurs NURS 5315: Advanced Pathophysiology Final
Exam
What is the relationship between serum osmolality and potassium
during dehydration? - Answer - Increased serum osmolality
causes potassium to shift into the intravascular space.
What is the definition of hyperpolarization in relation to action
potentials? - Answer - It is when the action potential becomes
more negative, making it less likely to fire.
What does hypopolarization refer to in the context of action potentials?
- Answer - It is when the action potential becomes less negative,
making it more likely to fire.
What is the clinical significance of a sodium level of 115 mEq/L? -
Answer - It indicates severe hyponatremia, leading to neurological
symptoms.
What is the typical clinical presentation of a patient with hyperkalemia?
- Answer - Symptoms may include muscle weakness, fatigue, and
cardiac arrhythmias.
What is the primary cause of neurologic symptoms associated with
sodium imbalances? - Answer - Fluid shifting into or out of the
neurons.
What is the expected pH value for a patient experiencing respiratory
acidosis? - Answer - A pH less than 7.35.
3|Page
NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Review Question Bank (Latest 2024-2025) Advanced
Pharmacology Fundamentals - Chamberlain
, nurs NURS 5315: Advanced Pathophysiology Final
Exam
What is the role of chromosomes in genetic inheritance? - Answer
- They carry genetic information that is passed from parents to
offspring.
What is the effect of dehydration on serum sodium levels? -
Answer - It typically causes an increase in serum sodium levels.
What is the consequence of a chromosome abnormality during cell
division? - Answer - It can lead to genetic disorders or diseases.
What does it mean for autosomal chromosomes to be autologous? -
Answer - They do not carry genetic information pertaining to
gender.
On which pairs of chromosomes are autosomal genetic diseases
carried? - Answer - On the first 22 pairs of chromosomes.
Which pair of chromosomes carries sex-linked diseases? - Answer -
The 23rd pair of chromosomes.
How are autosomal chromosomes described in relation to each other?
- Answer - They are nearly identical and considered homologous.
What are alleles? - Answer - Identical genes carried by each
autosomal chromosome in a pair that occupy the same site and code for
the same genetic trait.
4|Page
NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Review Question Bank (Latest 2024-2025) Advanced
Pharmacology Fundamentals - Chamberlain
Exam
NURS 5315: Advanced Pathophysiology
Final Exam Review Question Bank
(Latest 2024-2025): Advanced
Pharmacology Fundamentals –
Chamberlain
What ABG value is consistent with a patient in respiratory distress
breathing 33 breaths per minute? - Answer - PCO2 15, indicating
hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis.
What is the likely cause of disorientation and lethargy in a patient with
a sodium level of 115 mEq/L? - Answer - Water has shifted into
the neurons, causing them to swell.
Which electrolyte imbalance should be monitored in a patient
experiencing dehydration? - Answer - Hyperkalemia, due to
increased serum osmolality pulling potassium into the intravascular
space.
What is the chance that a baby will inherit an autosomal recessive
disease if one parent has the disease and the other is heterozygous? -
Answer - 25% chance of having the disease.
How many pairs of chromosomes are present in each human cell? -
Answer - 23 pairs, totaling 46 chromosomes.
What are the first 22 pairs of chromosomes known as? - Answer -
Autosomes.
1|Page
NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Review Question Bank (Latest 2024-2025) Advanced
Pharmacology Fundamentals - Chamberlain
,nurs NURS 5315: Advanced Pathophysiology Final
Exam
What genetic information does the 23rd pair of chromosomes
determine? - Answer - The genetic information for gender.
What chromosome pair do females have? - Answer - Two X
chromosomes (XX).
What chromosome pair do males have? - Answer - One X and one
Y chromosome (XY).
What process separates chromosomes into two identical sets during cell
division? - Answer - Mitosis or meiosis.
What is the significance of chromosomes during cell division? -
Answer - They transfer genetic information to daughter cells.
What happens to neurons during hypernatremia? - Answer -
Water shifts out of the cell into the intravascular space, causing
dehydration of the neurons.
What is the pH value indicative of respiratory alkalosis? - Answer -
A pH greater than 7.45.
What is the expected effect of hyperventilation on CO2 levels? -
Answer - It results in low PCO2 levels.
2|Page
NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Review Question Bank (Latest 2024-2025) Advanced
Pharmacology Fundamentals - Chamberlain
,nurs NURS 5315: Advanced Pathophysiology Final
Exam
What is the relationship between serum osmolality and potassium
during dehydration? - Answer - Increased serum osmolality
causes potassium to shift into the intravascular space.
What is the definition of hyperpolarization in relation to action
potentials? - Answer - It is when the action potential becomes
more negative, making it less likely to fire.
What does hypopolarization refer to in the context of action potentials?
- Answer - It is when the action potential becomes less negative,
making it more likely to fire.
What is the clinical significance of a sodium level of 115 mEq/L? -
Answer - It indicates severe hyponatremia, leading to neurological
symptoms.
What is the typical clinical presentation of a patient with hyperkalemia?
- Answer - Symptoms may include muscle weakness, fatigue, and
cardiac arrhythmias.
What is the primary cause of neurologic symptoms associated with
sodium imbalances? - Answer - Fluid shifting into or out of the
neurons.
What is the expected pH value for a patient experiencing respiratory
acidosis? - Answer - A pH less than 7.35.
3|Page
NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Review Question Bank (Latest 2024-2025) Advanced
Pharmacology Fundamentals - Chamberlain
, nurs NURS 5315: Advanced Pathophysiology Final
Exam
What is the role of chromosomes in genetic inheritance? - Answer
- They carry genetic information that is passed from parents to
offspring.
What is the effect of dehydration on serum sodium levels? -
Answer - It typically causes an increase in serum sodium levels.
What is the consequence of a chromosome abnormality during cell
division? - Answer - It can lead to genetic disorders or diseases.
What does it mean for autosomal chromosomes to be autologous? -
Answer - They do not carry genetic information pertaining to
gender.
On which pairs of chromosomes are autosomal genetic diseases
carried? - Answer - On the first 22 pairs of chromosomes.
Which pair of chromosomes carries sex-linked diseases? - Answer -
The 23rd pair of chromosomes.
How are autosomal chromosomes described in relation to each other?
- Answer - They are nearly identical and considered homologous.
What are alleles? - Answer - Identical genes carried by each
autosomal chromosome in a pair that occupy the same site and code for
the same genetic trait.
4|Page
NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Review Question Bank (Latest 2024-2025) Advanced
Pharmacology Fundamentals - Chamberlain
