AASDN LATEST 2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Villi - ✔✔Finger-like projections in the small intestine for absorption
✔✔Microvilli - ✔✔Microscopic projections on villi for nutrient absorption
✔✔Calories - ✔✔Unit of energy; obtained from energy nutrients
✔✔Digestive Juices - ✔✔Enzyme-containing fluids breaking down food into absorbable
compounds
✔✔Small Intestine Segments - ✔✔Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum; specialized for
nutrient absorption
✔✔Vascular System - ✔✔Closed system of vessels for blood circulation
✔✔Capillaries - ✔✔Smallest blood vessels branching from arteries
✔✔Lymphatic System - ✔✔One-way route for lymph circulation, excluding red blood
cells
✔✔Anabolism - ✔✔Reactions combining smaller molecules into larger ones, requiring
energy
✔✔Catabolism - ✔✔Reactions breaking down large molecules into smaller ones,
releasing energy
✔✔Micronutrients - ✔✔Vitamins and minerals required in small amounts
✔✔Homeostasis - ✔✔Maintenance of constant internal conditions in the body
✔✔Hormones - ✔✔Chemical messengers controlling metabolism
✔✔Compartmentalization - ✔✔Nutrients in different cell parts signal metabolic changes
✔✔DRIs - ✔✔Average daily dietary intake levels meeting most individuals' nutrition
needs
✔✔Dietary Guidelines - ✔✔Recommendations for healthy eating based on scientific
evidence
✔✔MyPlate - ✔✔Visual tool illustrating a healthy plate for balanced nutrition
, ✔✔Healthy Eating Plate - ✔✔Nutrition guide based on scientific evidence, free from
commercial influence
✔✔Carbohydrate digestion - ✔✔The process of breaking down carbohydrates into
simple sugars like glucose for absorption and utilization by the body.
✔✔Absorption of simple sugars - ✔✔The process where monosaccharides are
absorbed into small intestinal cells, then transported to the liver via the bloodstream.
✔✔Five fates of glucose - ✔✔Once absorbed into the bloodstream, glucose can be
converted to glycogen, used for energy, turned into fatty acids, stored as glucose-6-
phosphate, or made into nucleotides.
✔✔Glycogen - ✔✔A highly branched polysaccharide made of glucose molecules,
serving as a form of energy storage in the liver and muscles.
✔✔Glucose homeostasis - ✔✔The balance of glucose levels in the blood maintained by
hormones like insulin and glucagon to ensure energy needs are met.
✔✔Insulin vs. noninsulin dependent cells - ✔✔Insulin-dependent cells respond to insulin
for glucose uptake, while non-insulin dependent cells like red blood cells and brain cells
do not rely on insulin for glucose utilization.
✔✔Glucose time curve - ✔✔Refers to the finite glycogen storage in the body and the
processes when glycogen stores are depleted.
✔✔Gluconeogenesis - ✔✔The process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate
sources like amino acids or glycerol, crucial for maintaining blood glucose levels.
✔✔Ketosis - ✔✔A metabolic state where the liver converts fat into ketone bodies like
acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, used as an alternative fuel source.
✔✔Absorption rate of simple sugars vs. complex carbohydrates - ✔✔Simple sugars are
absorbed quickly, while complex carbohydrates are absorbed slower in the presence of
other nutrients like fiber, fat, or protein.
✔✔Glycemic response - ✔✔The rate at which blood glucose rises after eating, how high
it peaks, and how quickly it returns to normal levels.
✔✔Glycemic index - ✔✔A classification system that ranks foods based on their impact
on blood glucose levels compared to a reference food.
✔✔Glycemic load - ✔✔Scores a food based on both its glycemic index and
carbohydrate content, providing a more accurate measure of its effect on blood sugar.
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Villi - ✔✔Finger-like projections in the small intestine for absorption
✔✔Microvilli - ✔✔Microscopic projections on villi for nutrient absorption
✔✔Calories - ✔✔Unit of energy; obtained from energy nutrients
✔✔Digestive Juices - ✔✔Enzyme-containing fluids breaking down food into absorbable
compounds
✔✔Small Intestine Segments - ✔✔Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum; specialized for
nutrient absorption
✔✔Vascular System - ✔✔Closed system of vessels for blood circulation
✔✔Capillaries - ✔✔Smallest blood vessels branching from arteries
✔✔Lymphatic System - ✔✔One-way route for lymph circulation, excluding red blood
cells
✔✔Anabolism - ✔✔Reactions combining smaller molecules into larger ones, requiring
energy
✔✔Catabolism - ✔✔Reactions breaking down large molecules into smaller ones,
releasing energy
✔✔Micronutrients - ✔✔Vitamins and minerals required in small amounts
✔✔Homeostasis - ✔✔Maintenance of constant internal conditions in the body
✔✔Hormones - ✔✔Chemical messengers controlling metabolism
✔✔Compartmentalization - ✔✔Nutrients in different cell parts signal metabolic changes
✔✔DRIs - ✔✔Average daily dietary intake levels meeting most individuals' nutrition
needs
✔✔Dietary Guidelines - ✔✔Recommendations for healthy eating based on scientific
evidence
✔✔MyPlate - ✔✔Visual tool illustrating a healthy plate for balanced nutrition
, ✔✔Healthy Eating Plate - ✔✔Nutrition guide based on scientific evidence, free from
commercial influence
✔✔Carbohydrate digestion - ✔✔The process of breaking down carbohydrates into
simple sugars like glucose for absorption and utilization by the body.
✔✔Absorption of simple sugars - ✔✔The process where monosaccharides are
absorbed into small intestinal cells, then transported to the liver via the bloodstream.
✔✔Five fates of glucose - ✔✔Once absorbed into the bloodstream, glucose can be
converted to glycogen, used for energy, turned into fatty acids, stored as glucose-6-
phosphate, or made into nucleotides.
✔✔Glycogen - ✔✔A highly branched polysaccharide made of glucose molecules,
serving as a form of energy storage in the liver and muscles.
✔✔Glucose homeostasis - ✔✔The balance of glucose levels in the blood maintained by
hormones like insulin and glucagon to ensure energy needs are met.
✔✔Insulin vs. noninsulin dependent cells - ✔✔Insulin-dependent cells respond to insulin
for glucose uptake, while non-insulin dependent cells like red blood cells and brain cells
do not rely on insulin for glucose utilization.
✔✔Glucose time curve - ✔✔Refers to the finite glycogen storage in the body and the
processes when glycogen stores are depleted.
✔✔Gluconeogenesis - ✔✔The process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate
sources like amino acids or glycerol, crucial for maintaining blood glucose levels.
✔✔Ketosis - ✔✔A metabolic state where the liver converts fat into ketone bodies like
acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, used as an alternative fuel source.
✔✔Absorption rate of simple sugars vs. complex carbohydrates - ✔✔Simple sugars are
absorbed quickly, while complex carbohydrates are absorbed slower in the presence of
other nutrients like fiber, fat, or protein.
✔✔Glycemic response - ✔✔The rate at which blood glucose rises after eating, how high
it peaks, and how quickly it returns to normal levels.
✔✔Glycemic index - ✔✔A classification system that ranks foods based on their impact
on blood glucose levels compared to a reference food.
✔✔Glycemic load - ✔✔Scores a food based on both its glycemic index and
carbohydrate content, providing a more accurate measure of its effect on blood sugar.
