National Council for Therapeutic
Recreation Certification Exam Study
Questions and Answers Guide
holistic approach - ANSWER>>Advocates personal responsibility for healthy living
recreational experience - ANSWER>>Everyone has a Right to recreate. Recreation
as an end to itself
Treatment concept - ANSWER>>used as a treatment tool to cure> to use
Recreation to meet other needs/goals.
social recreation - ANSWER>>activity engaged in during one's leisure time that
involves, in an appropriate setting, social interaction
continuum model - ANSWER>>This diagnoses the behavior between non-
problematic use and severely problematic use. Goes from ranges of use, abuse, &
dependence.
Leisure ability model - ANSWER>>most widely accepted and utilized.
composed of 3 components
1) functional intervention
2) leisure education
3) recreation participation
ultimate goal: a satisfying leisure lifestyle.
Activity therapy - ANSWER>>uses things the resident enjoys to prevent boredom
and frustration
,Ecological Model - ANSWER>>a model that represents or describes the
relationships between the components of an ecological system
Long term care - ANSWER>>provide medical, nursing, dietary, recreation,
rehabilitative and social services for residents. Maybe permanent or temporary.
custodial model - ANSWER>>This emphasizes security, discipline, and order. To do
with incarceration.
therapeutic milieu - ANSWER>>An environment that provides client the
opportunity to interact with staff and other clients. It gives the client the
opportunity to practice interpersonal skills, provide feedback to peers about
behavior, and work together to develop problem-solving skills.
medical model - ANSWER>>the concept that diseases have physical causes that
can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured. When applied to
psychological disorders, *this* assumes that these mental illnesses can be
diagnosed on the basis of their symptoms and cured through therapy, which may
include treatment in a psychiatric hospital.
human service model - ANSWER>>A treatment approch that utilizes problems
solving to work with clients and their problems within the context of the
environment.
leisure - ANSWER>>freedom to choose a pastime or enjoyable activity
attribution model - ANSWER>>A person's explanation of the course of events that
occurred in their life. External and internal.
learned helplessness - ANSWER>>condition in which repeated attempts to control
a situation fail, resulting in the belief that the situation is uncontrollable
,perceived freedom - ANSWER>>feeling free to participate in an activity without a
nagging sense that you have to or that you should be doing something else
intrinsic motivation - ANSWER>>A desire to perform a behavior for its own sake
extrinsic motivation - ANSWER>>a desire to perform a behavior due to promised
rewards or threats of punishment
internal locus of control - ANSWER>>the perception that one controls one's own
fate
external locus of control - ANSWER>>the perception that chance or outside forces
beyond one's personal control determine one's fate
play - ANSWER>>spontaneous
psycho analytic - ANSWER>>freud: superego and guilt, today: induction empathy
based guilt: ok to feel a bit of guilt but not too much/ with superego, fear of guilt,
keeps us in check fear of punishment, fear of losing love of parents
5-6 yo moral development done
catharsis theory - ANSWER>>the idea that viewing violence actually reduces
violent behavior
diversional play - ANSWER>>child's activities have no purpose, indicating
boredom
compensation theory - ANSWER>>leisure is used to *make up for* needs
unfulfilled by work.
surplus energy - ANSWER>>The idea that children play to displace energy that is
usually used for survival is what
, flow theory - ANSWER>>high skill + high challenge.
high skill + medium challenge = control (most activities we do)
intrinsic motivation, being in the zone
self-actualization - ANSWER>>according to Maslow, the ultimate psychological
need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-
esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential
maslow hierarchy of needs - ANSWER>>theory of motivation based on unmet
human needs from basic physiological needs to safety, social, and esteem needs
to self-actualization needs
legally blind - ANSWER>>20/200
hearing loss - ANSWER>>deafness is when a person cannot understand speech
from hearing alone. ranges from mild to severe, symptoms include speaking too
loudly, leaning forwards to hear, cupping hand or turning head, inappropriate
responses, asking for repeating words - Nervous system disorder
stroke - ANSWER>>a sudden loss of consciousness resulting when the rupture or
occlusion of a blood vessel leads to oxygen lack in the brain
signs of stroke - ANSWER>>severe HA, slurred speech, weakness or paralysis,
change in cranial nerves, confusion or disorientation, dizziness or ataxia
autism - ANSWER>>a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by
deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' states
of mind
anxiety - ANSWER>>An emotional state of high energy, with the stress response
as the body's reaction to it.
Recreation Certification Exam Study
Questions and Answers Guide
holistic approach - ANSWER>>Advocates personal responsibility for healthy living
recreational experience - ANSWER>>Everyone has a Right to recreate. Recreation
as an end to itself
Treatment concept - ANSWER>>used as a treatment tool to cure> to use
Recreation to meet other needs/goals.
social recreation - ANSWER>>activity engaged in during one's leisure time that
involves, in an appropriate setting, social interaction
continuum model - ANSWER>>This diagnoses the behavior between non-
problematic use and severely problematic use. Goes from ranges of use, abuse, &
dependence.
Leisure ability model - ANSWER>>most widely accepted and utilized.
composed of 3 components
1) functional intervention
2) leisure education
3) recreation participation
ultimate goal: a satisfying leisure lifestyle.
Activity therapy - ANSWER>>uses things the resident enjoys to prevent boredom
and frustration
,Ecological Model - ANSWER>>a model that represents or describes the
relationships between the components of an ecological system
Long term care - ANSWER>>provide medical, nursing, dietary, recreation,
rehabilitative and social services for residents. Maybe permanent or temporary.
custodial model - ANSWER>>This emphasizes security, discipline, and order. To do
with incarceration.
therapeutic milieu - ANSWER>>An environment that provides client the
opportunity to interact with staff and other clients. It gives the client the
opportunity to practice interpersonal skills, provide feedback to peers about
behavior, and work together to develop problem-solving skills.
medical model - ANSWER>>the concept that diseases have physical causes that
can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured. When applied to
psychological disorders, *this* assumes that these mental illnesses can be
diagnosed on the basis of their symptoms and cured through therapy, which may
include treatment in a psychiatric hospital.
human service model - ANSWER>>A treatment approch that utilizes problems
solving to work with clients and their problems within the context of the
environment.
leisure - ANSWER>>freedom to choose a pastime or enjoyable activity
attribution model - ANSWER>>A person's explanation of the course of events that
occurred in their life. External and internal.
learned helplessness - ANSWER>>condition in which repeated attempts to control
a situation fail, resulting in the belief that the situation is uncontrollable
,perceived freedom - ANSWER>>feeling free to participate in an activity without a
nagging sense that you have to or that you should be doing something else
intrinsic motivation - ANSWER>>A desire to perform a behavior for its own sake
extrinsic motivation - ANSWER>>a desire to perform a behavior due to promised
rewards or threats of punishment
internal locus of control - ANSWER>>the perception that one controls one's own
fate
external locus of control - ANSWER>>the perception that chance or outside forces
beyond one's personal control determine one's fate
play - ANSWER>>spontaneous
psycho analytic - ANSWER>>freud: superego and guilt, today: induction empathy
based guilt: ok to feel a bit of guilt but not too much/ with superego, fear of guilt,
keeps us in check fear of punishment, fear of losing love of parents
5-6 yo moral development done
catharsis theory - ANSWER>>the idea that viewing violence actually reduces
violent behavior
diversional play - ANSWER>>child's activities have no purpose, indicating
boredom
compensation theory - ANSWER>>leisure is used to *make up for* needs
unfulfilled by work.
surplus energy - ANSWER>>The idea that children play to displace energy that is
usually used for survival is what
, flow theory - ANSWER>>high skill + high challenge.
high skill + medium challenge = control (most activities we do)
intrinsic motivation, being in the zone
self-actualization - ANSWER>>according to Maslow, the ultimate psychological
need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-
esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential
maslow hierarchy of needs - ANSWER>>theory of motivation based on unmet
human needs from basic physiological needs to safety, social, and esteem needs
to self-actualization needs
legally blind - ANSWER>>20/200
hearing loss - ANSWER>>deafness is when a person cannot understand speech
from hearing alone. ranges from mild to severe, symptoms include speaking too
loudly, leaning forwards to hear, cupping hand or turning head, inappropriate
responses, asking for repeating words - Nervous system disorder
stroke - ANSWER>>a sudden loss of consciousness resulting when the rupture or
occlusion of a blood vessel leads to oxygen lack in the brain
signs of stroke - ANSWER>>severe HA, slurred speech, weakness or paralysis,
change in cranial nerves, confusion or disorientation, dizziness or ataxia
autism - ANSWER>>a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by
deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' states
of mind
anxiety - ANSWER>>An emotional state of high energy, with the stress response
as the body's reaction to it.
