NEU 402 (Neuroscience / Neurology
402) Exam 1 Questions and
Answers Study Guide
cortical regions - ANSWER>>frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital
lobe
anatomical landmarks - ANSWER>>central sulcus and sylvian fissure
central sulcus - ANSWER>>divides frontal and parietal lobes
- precentral gyrus on frontal lobe side
- postcentral gyrus on parietal side
sylvian fissure - ANSWER>>Separates the temporal from the frontal lobe, and the
temporal from the parietal lobe
frontal lobe - ANSWER>>speech (Broca's area), motor cortex
temporal lobe - ANSWER>>smell, hearing
parietal lobe - ANSWER>>somatosensory cortex
occipital lobe - ANSWER>>vision
homonculous - ANSWER>>topographic representation of body surface on surface
of brain
primary somatosensory cortex 1 (S1) - ANSWER>>receives tough information
from opposite side of the body
- separate primary sensory cortex exists for each sense
,developmental subdivisions of the brain - ANSWER>>forebrain, midbrain,
hindbrain
forebrain - ANSWER>>prosencephalon ->
- telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres)
- diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus)
midbrain - ANSWER>>mesencephalon ->
- mesencephalon
hindbrain - ANSWER>>rhombencephalon ->
- metencephalon (cerebellum, pons)
-myelencephalon (medulla)
four parts of the CNS - ANSWER>>- spinal chord
- forebrain
- midbrain
- hindbrain
neocortex - ANSWER>>'new cortex'
- at surface of brain and is 90% of cortex
- 6 layers
allocortex - ANSWER>>olfactory system and hippocampus
medulla - ANSWER>>- automatic functions (digestion, respiration, circulation)
- cardioacceleratory, and inhibitory centers, respiratory center
- connect information from brain and spinal chord
- nuclei of cranial nerves XI and XII (neck, tongue)
pons - ANSWER>>- several nuclei from which cranial nerves arise
- sensory and motor info
, - nerve VII (vestibulocochlear)
midbrain specialization - ANSWER>>- tectum (roof), superior colliculi (vision),
inferior colliculi (hearing)
- two motor centers:
~ substantia nigra: dopamine, PD, fine motor
~ red nucleus: communicate with spinal motor neurons
-several cranial nerves
- reticular formation from midbrain -> medulla,
controls sleep, arousal, thermoregulation, motor control
cerebellum - ANSWER>>- motor coordination/fine motor control
- movement memory
- perkinje cells
thalamus - ANSWER>>- diencephalon
- "switch box" controls almost all sensory info (not olfaction)
- receives instructions from cortex
- complex cluster of nuclei
hypothalamus - ANSWER>>- diencephalon
- hunger, thirst, thermoregulation, reproductive function
- homeostasis
- neurohormonal system (hypothalamo-pituitary axis)
lateralization - ANSWER>>cognitive function that relies more on one side of the
brain than the other
what makes up the subcortex - ANSWER>>basal ganglia and the limbic system
basal ganglia - ANSWER>>- subcortical region
- caudate nucleus, putmamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra
- looping system interconnected with cortex
402) Exam 1 Questions and
Answers Study Guide
cortical regions - ANSWER>>frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital
lobe
anatomical landmarks - ANSWER>>central sulcus and sylvian fissure
central sulcus - ANSWER>>divides frontal and parietal lobes
- precentral gyrus on frontal lobe side
- postcentral gyrus on parietal side
sylvian fissure - ANSWER>>Separates the temporal from the frontal lobe, and the
temporal from the parietal lobe
frontal lobe - ANSWER>>speech (Broca's area), motor cortex
temporal lobe - ANSWER>>smell, hearing
parietal lobe - ANSWER>>somatosensory cortex
occipital lobe - ANSWER>>vision
homonculous - ANSWER>>topographic representation of body surface on surface
of brain
primary somatosensory cortex 1 (S1) - ANSWER>>receives tough information
from opposite side of the body
- separate primary sensory cortex exists for each sense
,developmental subdivisions of the brain - ANSWER>>forebrain, midbrain,
hindbrain
forebrain - ANSWER>>prosencephalon ->
- telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres)
- diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus)
midbrain - ANSWER>>mesencephalon ->
- mesencephalon
hindbrain - ANSWER>>rhombencephalon ->
- metencephalon (cerebellum, pons)
-myelencephalon (medulla)
four parts of the CNS - ANSWER>>- spinal chord
- forebrain
- midbrain
- hindbrain
neocortex - ANSWER>>'new cortex'
- at surface of brain and is 90% of cortex
- 6 layers
allocortex - ANSWER>>olfactory system and hippocampus
medulla - ANSWER>>- automatic functions (digestion, respiration, circulation)
- cardioacceleratory, and inhibitory centers, respiratory center
- connect information from brain and spinal chord
- nuclei of cranial nerves XI and XII (neck, tongue)
pons - ANSWER>>- several nuclei from which cranial nerves arise
- sensory and motor info
, - nerve VII (vestibulocochlear)
midbrain specialization - ANSWER>>- tectum (roof), superior colliculi (vision),
inferior colliculi (hearing)
- two motor centers:
~ substantia nigra: dopamine, PD, fine motor
~ red nucleus: communicate with spinal motor neurons
-several cranial nerves
- reticular formation from midbrain -> medulla,
controls sleep, arousal, thermoregulation, motor control
cerebellum - ANSWER>>- motor coordination/fine motor control
- movement memory
- perkinje cells
thalamus - ANSWER>>- diencephalon
- "switch box" controls almost all sensory info (not olfaction)
- receives instructions from cortex
- complex cluster of nuclei
hypothalamus - ANSWER>>- diencephalon
- hunger, thirst, thermoregulation, reproductive function
- homeostasis
- neurohormonal system (hypothalamo-pituitary axis)
lateralization - ANSWER>>cognitive function that relies more on one side of the
brain than the other
what makes up the subcortex - ANSWER>>basal ganglia and the limbic system
basal ganglia - ANSWER>>- subcortical region
- caudate nucleus, putmamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra
- looping system interconnected with cortex
