BPK 241 LATEST 2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔6. Joint types and examples of each - ✔✔1. Hinge ex elbow/knee
2. Saddle ex thumb
3. Facet ex wrist joints
4. Pivot ex top of neck
5. Gliding ex intercarpal joints
6. Ball and socket ex shoulder/hip
✔✔what joint does eversion/inversion come from?
what joint does plantar/dorsiflexion come from? - ✔✔subtalar joint
talocrural joint
✔✔3 basic Fracture types (total of 10 types) - ✔✔1. Open (compound) vs. closed
(simple)
2. Varieties
Transverse
Oblique
Comminuted
Spiral
Greenstick
Epiphyseal plate
3. Acute vs.. Stress
*elastic vs. plastic range; plastic leads to deformity*
✔✔5 Cardinal signs of inflammation - ✔✔1. Rubor= redness due to increase blood flow
2. Calor= heat '' '' ''
3. Tumor= swelling due to fluid accumulation
4. Dolor= pain
5. Functio laesa= loss of function
✔✔3 Phases of Soft Tissue Injury Repair - ✔✔1. Acute Inflammatory Phase; first 72
hours
2. Proliferation/Repair Phase; 2 days-6 weeks involves both scar formation and tissue
regeneration; fibroblast migration and collagen synthesis
3. Remodeling/Maturation Phase; 4 weeks to 6 months; myofibroblasts re-orient
collagen fibers in the direction of loading
✔✔2 Articulations of the ankle joint - ✔✔1. Tibia & Fibula (mortice)
Interosseus membrane
Anterior and posterior inferior tibiofibular ligaments
2. Talus (tenon)
Wider anteriorly - joint more stable in dorsiflexion
, ✔✔what 4 things help with Stability - ✔✔1. Bony structure
2. Capsule
3. Ligaments
- Anterior talofibular (lateral)
-Posterior talofibular (lateral)
- Deltoid (medial)
4. Muscles & tendons
Especially peroneus muscles
✔✔11 ankle joint Muscles and their movements - ✔✔- Anteriorly
1 and 2 EHL & EDL for Dorsiflexion
- Posteriorly
3 and 4 Gastrocnemius & soleus for Plantarflexion
- Medially
5 and 6 FHL & FDL for Plantar flexion, inversion
7. Tibialis anterior (dorsiflexion)
8. Tibialis posterior (plantarflexion, inversion)
- Laterally
9, 10 and 11. Peroneus longus, brevis & tertius (eversion)
✔✔ankle problems assessment: - ✔✔1. Pt. history
2. History of current injury
3. Compare with uninjured extremity
4. Inspection
5. Range of motion (ROM)
6. Ligament test
7. Functional test
8. Palpation
9. Be systematic
Primum non nocere
✔✔Contusion
define
hx
4 ssx
3 ddx
3 Tx - ✔✔-Traumatic bruise
- Hx = direct blow
- SSx; Pain, tenderness, Discolouration, Limp?
- DDx = fracture (limp), Bony tenderness? Then x-ray
- Tx= R.I.C.E., Padding, Rehabilitation
✔✔strain
define
hx
4 ssx
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔6. Joint types and examples of each - ✔✔1. Hinge ex elbow/knee
2. Saddle ex thumb
3. Facet ex wrist joints
4. Pivot ex top of neck
5. Gliding ex intercarpal joints
6. Ball and socket ex shoulder/hip
✔✔what joint does eversion/inversion come from?
what joint does plantar/dorsiflexion come from? - ✔✔subtalar joint
talocrural joint
✔✔3 basic Fracture types (total of 10 types) - ✔✔1. Open (compound) vs. closed
(simple)
2. Varieties
Transverse
Oblique
Comminuted
Spiral
Greenstick
Epiphyseal plate
3. Acute vs.. Stress
*elastic vs. plastic range; plastic leads to deformity*
✔✔5 Cardinal signs of inflammation - ✔✔1. Rubor= redness due to increase blood flow
2. Calor= heat '' '' ''
3. Tumor= swelling due to fluid accumulation
4. Dolor= pain
5. Functio laesa= loss of function
✔✔3 Phases of Soft Tissue Injury Repair - ✔✔1. Acute Inflammatory Phase; first 72
hours
2. Proliferation/Repair Phase; 2 days-6 weeks involves both scar formation and tissue
regeneration; fibroblast migration and collagen synthesis
3. Remodeling/Maturation Phase; 4 weeks to 6 months; myofibroblasts re-orient
collagen fibers in the direction of loading
✔✔2 Articulations of the ankle joint - ✔✔1. Tibia & Fibula (mortice)
Interosseus membrane
Anterior and posterior inferior tibiofibular ligaments
2. Talus (tenon)
Wider anteriorly - joint more stable in dorsiflexion
, ✔✔what 4 things help with Stability - ✔✔1. Bony structure
2. Capsule
3. Ligaments
- Anterior talofibular (lateral)
-Posterior talofibular (lateral)
- Deltoid (medial)
4. Muscles & tendons
Especially peroneus muscles
✔✔11 ankle joint Muscles and their movements - ✔✔- Anteriorly
1 and 2 EHL & EDL for Dorsiflexion
- Posteriorly
3 and 4 Gastrocnemius & soleus for Plantarflexion
- Medially
5 and 6 FHL & FDL for Plantar flexion, inversion
7. Tibialis anterior (dorsiflexion)
8. Tibialis posterior (plantarflexion, inversion)
- Laterally
9, 10 and 11. Peroneus longus, brevis & tertius (eversion)
✔✔ankle problems assessment: - ✔✔1. Pt. history
2. History of current injury
3. Compare with uninjured extremity
4. Inspection
5. Range of motion (ROM)
6. Ligament test
7. Functional test
8. Palpation
9. Be systematic
Primum non nocere
✔✔Contusion
define
hx
4 ssx
3 ddx
3 Tx - ✔✔-Traumatic bruise
- Hx = direct blow
- SSx; Pain, tenderness, Discolouration, Limp?
- DDx = fracture (limp), Bony tenderness? Then x-ray
- Tx= R.I.C.E., Padding, Rehabilitation
✔✔strain
define
hx
4 ssx
