PJM TRANSMISSION LATEST 2026 EXAM TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Surge Impedance Loading - ✔✔Loading point where VAR losses on a line equals
the VARs generated by the line
✔✔Post Contingency Voltage Warning - ✔✔Warning for post-contingency voltage delta
high enough to be a concern
✔✔Post Contingency Voltage Violation - ✔✔Violation of post-contingency voltage delta
high enough to be a concern
✔✔Switching - ✔✔Process of opening or closing electrical circuits
✔✔Voltage Schedules - ✔✔Requirements for generators to follow specific voltage
schedules
✔✔Voltage Limits - ✔✔Limits to protect equipment and ensure voltage stability
✔✔Load Dump Limit - ✔✔Limit on operation permitted for 15 minutes without tripping
✔✔Switching - ✔✔Process of opening or closing electrical circuits
✔✔Conservative Operations - ✔✔Actions taken to ensure system reliability during
abnormal conditions
✔✔Voltage Schedules - ✔✔Requirements for generators to follow specific voltage
schedules
✔✔Generator Reactor Testing - ✔✔Testing of generators and synchronous condensers
to demonstrate reactive capabilities
✔✔Double Circuit Tower Line (DCTL) Contingency - ✔✔Simultaneous loss of two single
contingencies
✔✔Conservative Operations Triggers - ✔✔Events or conditions that trigger conservative
operations
✔✔Geo-magnetic Disturbance (GMD) - ✔✔Disturbance caused by solar storms that can
affect the power system
✔✔Terrorism - ✔✔Threats or attacks that can impact the power system
✔✔Voltage Drop - ✔✔Decrease in voltage from pre-contingency to post-contingency
, ✔✔Reactive Resources - ✔✔Resources that can supply or absorb reactive power to
regulate voltage
✔✔Reactor - ✔✔Device that can absorb reactive power to decrease voltage
✔✔Capacitor - ✔✔Device that can supply reactive power to increase voltage
✔✔Voltage Collapse - ✔✔A rapid and uncontrolled decrease in voltage
✔✔Voltage Schedules - ✔✔Requirements for generators to follow specific voltage
schedules
✔✔Surge Impedance Loading - ✔✔Loading point where VAR losses on a line equals
the VARs generated by the line
✔✔Post Contingency Voltage Warning - ✔✔Warning for post-contingency voltage delta
high enough to be a concern
✔✔Post Contingency Voltage Violation - ✔✔Violation of post-contingency voltage delta
high enough to be a concern
✔✔ Reliability Coordinator (RC) - ✔✔Responsible for ensuring the reliability of the Bulk
Electric System (BES)
✔✔Transmission Operator (TOP) - ✔✔Responsible for the safe and reliable operation
of the transmission system
✔✔Balancing Authority (BA) - ✔✔Responsible for maintaining the balance between
generation and load
✔✔Interchange Authority - ✔✔Responsible for managing the interchange of power
between different entities
✔✔Resource Planner - ✔✔Responsible for planning and coordinating the resources
needed for reliable operation
✔✔Planning Coordinator - ✔✔Responsible for coordinating the planning of transmission
system expansions
✔✔Transmission Service Provider - ✔✔Responsible for providing transmission services
to customers
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Surge Impedance Loading - ✔✔Loading point where VAR losses on a line equals
the VARs generated by the line
✔✔Post Contingency Voltage Warning - ✔✔Warning for post-contingency voltage delta
high enough to be a concern
✔✔Post Contingency Voltage Violation - ✔✔Violation of post-contingency voltage delta
high enough to be a concern
✔✔Switching - ✔✔Process of opening or closing electrical circuits
✔✔Voltage Schedules - ✔✔Requirements for generators to follow specific voltage
schedules
✔✔Voltage Limits - ✔✔Limits to protect equipment and ensure voltage stability
✔✔Load Dump Limit - ✔✔Limit on operation permitted for 15 minutes without tripping
✔✔Switching - ✔✔Process of opening or closing electrical circuits
✔✔Conservative Operations - ✔✔Actions taken to ensure system reliability during
abnormal conditions
✔✔Voltage Schedules - ✔✔Requirements for generators to follow specific voltage
schedules
✔✔Generator Reactor Testing - ✔✔Testing of generators and synchronous condensers
to demonstrate reactive capabilities
✔✔Double Circuit Tower Line (DCTL) Contingency - ✔✔Simultaneous loss of two single
contingencies
✔✔Conservative Operations Triggers - ✔✔Events or conditions that trigger conservative
operations
✔✔Geo-magnetic Disturbance (GMD) - ✔✔Disturbance caused by solar storms that can
affect the power system
✔✔Terrorism - ✔✔Threats or attacks that can impact the power system
✔✔Voltage Drop - ✔✔Decrease in voltage from pre-contingency to post-contingency
, ✔✔Reactive Resources - ✔✔Resources that can supply or absorb reactive power to
regulate voltage
✔✔Reactor - ✔✔Device that can absorb reactive power to decrease voltage
✔✔Capacitor - ✔✔Device that can supply reactive power to increase voltage
✔✔Voltage Collapse - ✔✔A rapid and uncontrolled decrease in voltage
✔✔Voltage Schedules - ✔✔Requirements for generators to follow specific voltage
schedules
✔✔Surge Impedance Loading - ✔✔Loading point where VAR losses on a line equals
the VARs generated by the line
✔✔Post Contingency Voltage Warning - ✔✔Warning for post-contingency voltage delta
high enough to be a concern
✔✔Post Contingency Voltage Violation - ✔✔Violation of post-contingency voltage delta
high enough to be a concern
✔✔ Reliability Coordinator (RC) - ✔✔Responsible for ensuring the reliability of the Bulk
Electric System (BES)
✔✔Transmission Operator (TOP) - ✔✔Responsible for the safe and reliable operation
of the transmission system
✔✔Balancing Authority (BA) - ✔✔Responsible for maintaining the balance between
generation and load
✔✔Interchange Authority - ✔✔Responsible for managing the interchange of power
between different entities
✔✔Resource Planner - ✔✔Responsible for planning and coordinating the resources
needed for reliable operation
✔✔Planning Coordinator - ✔✔Responsible for coordinating the planning of transmission
system expansions
✔✔Transmission Service Provider - ✔✔Responsible for providing transmission services
to customers
