MED SURG 1- LPN QUESTIONS AND AND ANSWERS UPDATED 2026

MED SURG 1- LPN
QUESTIONS AND AND
ANSWERS UPDATED 2026
GlycosuriaBappearsBwhenBtheBbloodBglucoseBlevelBrisesBaboveB-BAnswerB180Bmg/dL

AtBthisBleveBrenalBthresholdBtheBabilityBtoBreabsorbBglucoseBandBreturnBitBtoBtheBbl
oodstream,BisBimpaired.



Ideally,BwithBfingerBtesting,BtheBbloodBsugarBshouldBmeasureB90BtoB130Bmg/dLBbefor
eBmealsBandB-BAnswerB<180Bmg/dLB1BtoB2BhoursBafterBmeals.



TightBglucoseBcontrolBinvolvesBmaintainingBnear-
normalBbloodBglucoseBlevelsBbyBtakingBshort-actingBinsulinBthroughoutBtheBdayBandB-
BAnswerBintermediate-
actingBinsulinBatBbedtime.BControllingBbloodBglucoseBlevelsBcanBdelayBtheBonsetBofBc
omplicationsBassociatedBwithBdiabetes.



TheBresultsBofBthisBA1cBtestBreflectBtheBamountBofBglucoseBthatBisBstoredBinBtheBhe
moglobinBmoleculeBduringBitsBlifeBspanBofB120BdaysB-
BAnswerBtheBhemoglobinBmoleculeBduringBitsBlifeBspanBofB120Bdays.BNormally,BtheBl
evelBofBglycosylatedBhemoglobinBisBlessBthanB7%.

aBhemoglobinBA1cBofB7%BisBtheBequivalentBofBanBaverageBbloodBglucoseBlevelBofB15
0.B8%BorBgreaterBindicateBthatBcontrolBofBtheBclient'sBbloodBglucoseBlevelBhasBbeenB
inadequateBduringBtheBpreviousB2BtoB3Bmonths.



OralBantidiabeticBdrugsBalsoBknownBasBhypoglycemicBagentsBareBprescribedBforBclients
BwithBtypeB2BdiabetesBwhoBmeetBtheBfollowingBcriteria:B-
BAnswerBFastingBbloodBglucoseBlevelBlessBthanB200Bmg/dL

InsulinBrequirementBofBlessBthanB40Bunits/day

NoBketoacidosis

NoBrenalBorBhepaticBdisease

,UseBofBalcoholBwithBsomeBoralBhypoglycemicBdrugsBmayBresultBinB-
BAnswerBabdominalBcramps,Bnausea,Bflushing,Bheadache,BandBhypoglycemia.



.BWhenBoversecretionBofBgrowthBhormoneB(GH)BoccursBbeforeBpubertyB(whenBtheBen
dsB[epiphyses]BofBtheBlongBbonesBareBnotByetBfullyBunited),B-
BAnswerBgigantismBresults



WhenBsecretionBofBGHBduringBchildhoodBisBinsufficient,B-BAnswerBdwarfismBoccurs



OversecretionBofBGHBduringBadulthoodBresultsBinB-BAnswerBacromegaly.



anBabsenceBofBpituitaryBhormonalBactivityBcausesBpanhypopituitarism,BorB-
BAnswerBSimmonds'Bdisease.



insulin-likeBgrowthBfactorB1B(IGF-1).BIGF-1,BaBhormoneBreleasedBbyBtheBliver,B-
BAnswerBstimulatesBtheBgrowthBofBbonesBandBtissue



UncheckedBGHBallowsBsustainedBproductionBofBIGF-1,BleadingBtoB-
BAnswerBlengtheningBandBwideningBofBbones,BorganBenlargement,BincreasedBbloodBgl
ucoseBlevels,BandBhyperlipidemia.



SkullBradiography,BmagneticBresonanceBimagingB(MRI),BandBcomputedBtomographyB(CT
)BrevealB-BAnswerBpituitaryBenlargement



ABglucoseBtoleranceBtestBinBcombinationBwithBaBGHBmeasurementBisBtheBmostBreliab
leBmethodBofBconfirmingB-BAnswerBacromegaly



IngestionBofBaBbolusBofBglucoseBshouldBlowerBGHBlevels,B-
BAnswerBbutBGHBlevelsBremainBelevatedBinBpersonsBwithBacromegaly

, HypophysectomyBisBtheBtreatmentBofBchoiceBforBacromegalyB-
BAnswerBsurgicalBremovalBofBtheBpituitaryBgland,BwhichBliesBwithinBtheBsellaBturcica,B
aBsaddle-
shapedBdepressionBinBtheBsphenoidBbone.BTheBglandBisBremovedBbyBpiercingBtheBsph
enoidBwithBeitherBaBsublabialB(underBtheBupperBlip)Bapproach



BromocriptineBandBcabergolineBareBusedBaloneBorBinBconjunctionBwithBpituitaryBirradi
ationBorBsurgeryBtoB-BAnswerBreduceBtheBserumBGHBgrowthBhormoneBlevel;

inhibitBtheBreleaseBofBGHBinBclientsBwithBacromegaly



DeficiencyBofBthyroid-stimulatingBhormoneB(TSH)BrequiresBreplacementBwithB-
BAnswerBlevothyroxineB(Synthroid)BorBliothyronineB(Cytomel)BforBtheBclient'sBlifetime



ForBSimmondBDiseaseBtheBnurseB-BAnswerB-administersBallBhormoneBreplacements.

-TeachBtheBclientBtoBadhereBtoBtheBmedicationBscheduleB&BneverBtoBomitBaBdose

-monitorsBbloodBhormoneBlevels

&BassessesBmentalBstatus,BemotionalBstate,BenergyBlevel,B

&Bappetite.

-alertBtoBanyBalterationsBinBnutrition.



MostBclientsBwithBSimmonds'BdiseaseBtolerateB-
BAnswerBfourBtoBsixBsmallBmealsBperBdayBbetterBthanBthreeBregularBmeals.



TheBdifferenceBinBnephrogenicB&BneurogenicBDiabeteBInipidusBis,inBnephrogenicBDiabe
tesBinsipidusBtheBsecretionBofBADHBisB-
BAnswerBnormal,BbutBtheBreceptorsBinBtheBrenalBtubulesBpartiallyBorBcompletelyBfailB
toBrespondBtoBtheBhormone.



ADHB(alsoBknownBasBvasopressinB-BAnswerB