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NR565 Week 2 Midterm Study Guide
Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals (Chamberlain University)
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Week 2: Midterm Study Guide
Friday, May 9, 2025 11:39 PM
Week 2:
Chapter 37: Diuretics
• Loop Diuretics: adverse effects
- Ex: Furosemide (Lasix)
- Adverse Effects:
§ Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, dehydration
□ Produce excessive loss of sodium, chloride, and water.
□ Severe dehydration can result.
® s/s: dry mouth, unusual thirst, oliguria.
□ Risk can be minimized by initiating therapy with low doses, adjusting dosing
carefully, and monitoring weight loss everyday.
§ Hypokalemia
□ Potassium is lost through increased secretion in the distal nephron. If serum
potassium falls below 3.5, dysrhythmias may occur.
□ hypoKalemia can be minimized by consuming K+ rich foods (drieds fruits,
nuts, spinach, potatoes, bananas), taking potassium supplements, or using a
K+ sparring diuretic.
§ Hypotension
□ Loss of volume, relaxation of venous smooth muscle , which reduces venous
return to the heart.
□ Signs of HoTN
® Dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting.
§ Ototoxicity
□ Rare: can cause hearing impairment.
® Deafness is transient although can occur very rapidly with IV admin.
® With another loop diuretic, irreversible hearing loss may occur.
• Thiazide diuretics: therapeutic effect
- Ex: Hydrochlotothiazide
§ All same adverse effects but not ototoxic.
§ Adverse effects of thiazides and loop diuretics are nearly identical.
Chapter 38: Drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
• ARB indications
- (ex: Losartan)
- Approved for HTN, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, MI, prevention of MI, stroke, and
death in people at high risk for cardiovascular events.
Name Approved indication
Azilsartan (Edarbi) HTN
Candesartan (Atacand) HTN
HF
Irebesartan (Avapro) HTN by CHUNXU XIA ()
Downloaded
NR565 Week 2 Midterm Study Guide
Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals (Chamberlain University)
Scan to open on Studocu
Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
Downloaded by CHUNXU XIA ()
, lOMoARcPSD|46788506
Week 2: Midterm Study Guide
Friday, May 9, 2025 11:39 PM
Week 2:
Chapter 37: Diuretics
• Loop Diuretics: adverse effects
- Ex: Furosemide (Lasix)
- Adverse Effects:
§ Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, dehydration
□ Produce excessive loss of sodium, chloride, and water.
□ Severe dehydration can result.
® s/s: dry mouth, unusual thirst, oliguria.
□ Risk can be minimized by initiating therapy with low doses, adjusting dosing
carefully, and monitoring weight loss everyday.
§ Hypokalemia
□ Potassium is lost through increased secretion in the distal nephron. If serum
potassium falls below 3.5, dysrhythmias may occur.
□ hypoKalemia can be minimized by consuming K+ rich foods (drieds fruits,
nuts, spinach, potatoes, bananas), taking potassium supplements, or using a
K+ sparring diuretic.
§ Hypotension
□ Loss of volume, relaxation of venous smooth muscle , which reduces venous
return to the heart.
□ Signs of HoTN
® Dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting.
§ Ototoxicity
□ Rare: can cause hearing impairment.
® Deafness is transient although can occur very rapidly with IV admin.
® With another loop diuretic, irreversible hearing loss may occur.
• Thiazide diuretics: therapeutic effect
- Ex: Hydrochlotothiazide
§ All same adverse effects but not ototoxic.
§ Adverse effects of thiazides and loop diuretics are nearly identical.
Chapter 38: Drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
• ARB indications
- (ex: Losartan)
- Approved for HTN, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, MI, prevention of MI, stroke, and
death in people at high risk for cardiovascular events.
Name Approved indication
Azilsartan (Edarbi) HTN
Candesartan (Atacand) HTN
HF
Irebesartan (Avapro) HTN by CHUNXU XIA ()
Downloaded
