NAGELHOUT PHARMACOLOGY 1 EXAM 3 EXAMINATION SCRIPT FINAL PAPER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS COMPLETE SOLUTION BUNDLE

NAGELHOUT PHARMACOLOGY 1 EXAM 3
EXAMINATION SCRIPT FINAL PAPER
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS COMPLETE
SOLUTION BUNDLE

●● What is the number one morbidity for anesthesia?
Answer: Decompensated Heart Failure


●● Unstable coronary syndromes
Answer: Acute or recent MI
Unstable or Severe Angina


●● What significant arrhythmia's are considered as major risk factors?
Answer: High-grade AV block
Mobitz II AV block
CHB
Symptomatic Ventricular arrhythmias
SVT, AFib w/ RVR
Symptomatic bradycardia
New VT

,●● What Severe Valve Diseases are considered as major risk factors?
Answer: AS with gradient >40 mmHg;
Aortic valve area <1cm2 or exhibiting symptoms


●● Mild AS with Aortic Valve Area
Answer: > 1.5 cm2


●● Moderate AS with Aortic Valve Area
Answer: 1.0 - 1.5 cm2


●● Severe AS with Aortic Valve Area
Answer: < 1.0 cm2


●● Mild AS with gradient
Answer: < 20 mmHg


●● Moderate AS with gradient
Answer: 20 - 40 mmHg


●● Severe AS with gradient
Answer: >40 mm Hg

, ●● Intermediate Risk Factors
Answer: Mild Angina (Canadian Class I or II)
Previous MI
Compensated or previous heart failure
IDDM
Renal Insufficiency


●● Minor Risk Factors
Answer: Old Age
Abnormal ECG (LVH, LBBB, ST-T)
Afib
Low Mets
Hx CVA
Uncontrolled systemic HTN


●● High (Very Elevated) Risk (Cardiac Index >5%)
Answer: Major Vascular Surgery
Emergent major operations
Prolonged procedures with large fluid shifts or significant blood loss


●● Intermediate Risk (Cardiac Risk 1 - 5%)
Answer: CEA