ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY NCLEX QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
The nurse is caring for a client admitted with a diagnosis of acute
kidney injury (AKI). The client asks the nurse, "Are my kidneys failing?
Will I need a kidney transplant?" Which response by the nurse is the
most appropriate?
A) "No, don't think that. You're going to be fine."
B) "In most cases, your condition can be reversed with prompt
treatment and usually will not destroy the kidneys."
C) "Kidney transplantation is highly likely, so it would be a good idea to
start talking to your family members about organ donation."
D) "When the doctor comes to see you, we can talk about whether you
will need a transplant." - ANSWER ->Answer: B
Explanation: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is often resolved without the
need for transplant if treatment is initiated quickly. There is no need to
start lining up donors or wait for the provider to arrive to explore
options. Telling the client that everything will be fine is condescending,
provides no information, and is not within the nurse's ability to know.
A client diagnosed with frequent urinary tract infections is seen in the
urology clinic. The nurse reviews the client's medical history and
determines that the client is at risk for acute kidney injury. Which items
in the client's history support this conclusion? Select all that apply.
A) Dehydration
B) Renal calculi
C) Ineffective wound healing
D) Low serum albumin
E) Hypertension - ANSWER ->Answer: A, B, E
, Explanation: Dehydration, renal calculi, and hypertension can all
precipitate acute kidney injury (AKI). Ineffective wound healing has not
been shown to cause renal failure unless the infection becomes
systemic. A low serum albumin does not cause AKI.
A young school-age client is in the hospital with an acute kidney injury
diagnosis following a streptococcus infection. The client's parents
primarily speak Spanish but have a limited ability to understand English.
Through an interpreter, the parents ask the nurse what mistake they
made that caused their child to be so sick. Which response by the nurse
is the most appropriate?
A) "Your child does not eat enough dietary protein."
B) "Your child has a congenital defect that led to renal failure."
C) "Your child's renal failure has been caused by a low calcium level."
D) "Your child's recent infection may have caused the renal failure." -
ANSWER ->Answer: D
Explanation: Clients with streptococcus are at risk for kidney and
cardiac sequelae. In this case, the child has no evidence of a congenital
defect leading to acute kidney injury (AKI). A low-protein or low-calcium
diet will not lead to AKI.
The nurse is planning care for a client diagnosed with acute kidney
injury (AKI). The nurse plans the client's care based on the nursing
diagnosis of Excess Fluid Volume. Which assessment data supports this
nursing diagnosis?
A) Pitting edema in the lower extremities
B) Bowel sounds positive in four quadrants
C) Wheezing in the lungs
D) Generalized weakness - ANSWER ->Answer: A
ANSWERS
The nurse is caring for a client admitted with a diagnosis of acute
kidney injury (AKI). The client asks the nurse, "Are my kidneys failing?
Will I need a kidney transplant?" Which response by the nurse is the
most appropriate?
A) "No, don't think that. You're going to be fine."
B) "In most cases, your condition can be reversed with prompt
treatment and usually will not destroy the kidneys."
C) "Kidney transplantation is highly likely, so it would be a good idea to
start talking to your family members about organ donation."
D) "When the doctor comes to see you, we can talk about whether you
will need a transplant." - ANSWER ->Answer: B
Explanation: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is often resolved without the
need for transplant if treatment is initiated quickly. There is no need to
start lining up donors or wait for the provider to arrive to explore
options. Telling the client that everything will be fine is condescending,
provides no information, and is not within the nurse's ability to know.
A client diagnosed with frequent urinary tract infections is seen in the
urology clinic. The nurse reviews the client's medical history and
determines that the client is at risk for acute kidney injury. Which items
in the client's history support this conclusion? Select all that apply.
A) Dehydration
B) Renal calculi
C) Ineffective wound healing
D) Low serum albumin
E) Hypertension - ANSWER ->Answer: A, B, E
, Explanation: Dehydration, renal calculi, and hypertension can all
precipitate acute kidney injury (AKI). Ineffective wound healing has not
been shown to cause renal failure unless the infection becomes
systemic. A low serum albumin does not cause AKI.
A young school-age client is in the hospital with an acute kidney injury
diagnosis following a streptococcus infection. The client's parents
primarily speak Spanish but have a limited ability to understand English.
Through an interpreter, the parents ask the nurse what mistake they
made that caused their child to be so sick. Which response by the nurse
is the most appropriate?
A) "Your child does not eat enough dietary protein."
B) "Your child has a congenital defect that led to renal failure."
C) "Your child's renal failure has been caused by a low calcium level."
D) "Your child's recent infection may have caused the renal failure." -
ANSWER ->Answer: D
Explanation: Clients with streptococcus are at risk for kidney and
cardiac sequelae. In this case, the child has no evidence of a congenital
defect leading to acute kidney injury (AKI). A low-protein or low-calcium
diet will not lead to AKI.
The nurse is planning care for a client diagnosed with acute kidney
injury (AKI). The nurse plans the client's care based on the nursing
diagnosis of Excess Fluid Volume. Which assessment data supports this
nursing diagnosis?
A) Pitting edema in the lower extremities
B) Bowel sounds positive in four quadrants
C) Wheezing in the lungs
D) Generalized weakness - ANSWER ->Answer: A
