INTRO TO NURSING FINAL PAPER 2026
FULL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
EXPERT REVIEW GRADED A+
⩥ Autonomy.
Answer: The principle that an individual has the right to make their own
decisions about their own life and body, even when those decisions
might be different from what healthcare providers recommend
Nurses discuss treatment options with patients, allowing them to make
informed decisions aligned with their personal values.
⩥ Justice.
Answer: The principle that all individuals should be treated with fairness
and equity
Nurses allocate resources, such as time and attention, equitably among
patients to ensure fair and unbiased care.
⩥ Confidentiality.
Answer: The principle that nurses should respect and safeguard their
patients' personal and health information
,Nurses safeguard patient information and only share it with authorized
individuals, maintaining trust in the nurse-patient relationship.
⩥ Nursing Roles.
Answer: caregiver, communicator, teacher / educator, counselor, leader,
researcher, advocate, collaborator.
⩥ Patricia Benner's Theory.
Answer: Novice
Advanced beginner
Competent nurse
proficient nurse
Expert
⩥ Clinical Judgment.
Answer: utilizes nursing knowledge, critical thinking, and clinical
reasoning, drawing from evidence, theories, and interdisciplinary
insights to make informed and patient-centered decisions. It involves the
practical application of the domains of nursing philosophy: person,
environment, health, and nursing.
⩥ Medeline Leininger theory.
Answer: known as transcultural nursing theory, is a comprehensive
framework that emphasizes the importance of cultural competence in
,nursing care. Developed in the 1950s, Leininger's theory posits that
culture plays a crucial role in shaping an individual's health beliefs,
practices, and responses to illness.
Leininger classified nursing care into three modes: cultural care
preservation (or maintenance), cultural care accommodation (or
negotiation), and cultural care repatterning (or restructuring).
⩥ Therapeutic Communication.
Answer: Verbal and nonverbal communication techniques that
encourage patients to express their feelings and to achieve a positive
relationship.
-Providing Information
-Sharing Observations
-Sharing Feelings
-Sharing Empathy
-Sharing Hope
-Sharing Humor
-Using Touch
-Using Silence
-Clarifying
-Asking Relevant Questions
-Offering Self
, -Active Listening
⩥ cultural competence.
Answer: ability to respect and understand one's own beliefs and values
as well as how these values and beliefs may differ between cultures
⩥ Cultural Humility.
Answer: a humble and respectful attitude toward individuals of other
cultures that pushes one to challenge their own cultural biases, realize
they cannot know everything about other cultures, and approach learning
about other cultures as a lifelong goal and process
⩥ Cultural Competence Care.
Answer: care delivered with an awareness of the aspects of the patient's
culture
⩥ Culture Care Theory (CCT).
Answer: (also known as Theory of Culture Care: Diversity and
Universality) framework for transcultural nursing and the development
and practice of culturally competent nursing care
⩥ transcultural nursing.
FULL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
EXPERT REVIEW GRADED A+
⩥ Autonomy.
Answer: The principle that an individual has the right to make their own
decisions about their own life and body, even when those decisions
might be different from what healthcare providers recommend
Nurses discuss treatment options with patients, allowing them to make
informed decisions aligned with their personal values.
⩥ Justice.
Answer: The principle that all individuals should be treated with fairness
and equity
Nurses allocate resources, such as time and attention, equitably among
patients to ensure fair and unbiased care.
⩥ Confidentiality.
Answer: The principle that nurses should respect and safeguard their
patients' personal and health information
,Nurses safeguard patient information and only share it with authorized
individuals, maintaining trust in the nurse-patient relationship.
⩥ Nursing Roles.
Answer: caregiver, communicator, teacher / educator, counselor, leader,
researcher, advocate, collaborator.
⩥ Patricia Benner's Theory.
Answer: Novice
Advanced beginner
Competent nurse
proficient nurse
Expert
⩥ Clinical Judgment.
Answer: utilizes nursing knowledge, critical thinking, and clinical
reasoning, drawing from evidence, theories, and interdisciplinary
insights to make informed and patient-centered decisions. It involves the
practical application of the domains of nursing philosophy: person,
environment, health, and nursing.
⩥ Medeline Leininger theory.
Answer: known as transcultural nursing theory, is a comprehensive
framework that emphasizes the importance of cultural competence in
,nursing care. Developed in the 1950s, Leininger's theory posits that
culture plays a crucial role in shaping an individual's health beliefs,
practices, and responses to illness.
Leininger classified nursing care into three modes: cultural care
preservation (or maintenance), cultural care accommodation (or
negotiation), and cultural care repatterning (or restructuring).
⩥ Therapeutic Communication.
Answer: Verbal and nonverbal communication techniques that
encourage patients to express their feelings and to achieve a positive
relationship.
-Providing Information
-Sharing Observations
-Sharing Feelings
-Sharing Empathy
-Sharing Hope
-Sharing Humor
-Using Touch
-Using Silence
-Clarifying
-Asking Relevant Questions
-Offering Self
, -Active Listening
⩥ cultural competence.
Answer: ability to respect and understand one's own beliefs and values
as well as how these values and beliefs may differ between cultures
⩥ Cultural Humility.
Answer: a humble and respectful attitude toward individuals of other
cultures that pushes one to challenge their own cultural biases, realize
they cannot know everything about other cultures, and approach learning
about other cultures as a lifelong goal and process
⩥ Cultural Competence Care.
Answer: care delivered with an awareness of the aspects of the patient's
culture
⩥ Culture Care Theory (CCT).
Answer: (also known as Theory of Culture Care: Diversity and
Universality) framework for transcultural nursing and the development
and practice of culturally competent nursing care
⩥ transcultural nursing.
