EMORY WOUND EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RATED GRADE A.

EMORY WOUND EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
RATED GRADE A.
1. What is the difference between a eukaryotic and
prokaryotic cell?
Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain:

 A nucleus
 Membrane-bound organelles
 Linear DNA
 Complex compartmentalization

Prokaryotic cells:

 Have no nucleus
 Contain circular DNA
 Lack membrane-bound organelles
 Are generally smaller and simpler.




2. What is the function of the plasma membrane?
Answer

The plasma membrane:

 Separates the cell from its environment
 Regulates transport of molecules
 Enables cell signaling
 Provides protection and recognition through the glycocalyx.




3. Explain the endosymbiotic theory.
Answer

The endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living
bacteria that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

, Evidence:

 Double membrane
 Circular DNA
 Own ribosomes
 Independent replication.




4. What are the main functions of the nucleus?
Answer

The nucleus:

 Stores genetic information
 Controls gene expression
 Regulates cell activity
 Contains the nucleolus where ribosomal subunits are produced.




5. Describe the central dogma of molecular biology.
Answer

The central dogma describes the flow of genetic information:

DNA → RNA → Protein

 DNA is transcribed into mRNA.
 mRNA is translated by ribosomes into proteins.

DNA→RNA→ProteinDNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow ProteinDNA→RNA→Protein




6. What are the three major types of RNA?
Answer

 mRNA: carries genetic information
 tRNA: transports amino acids
 rRNA: structural and catalytic part of ribosomes.