U
mbuthia
TEST BANK FOR PEDIATRIC
G
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AN
ILLUSTRATED HANDBOOK 3RD
N
EDITION DUDERSTADT
Z U
M
, U
mbuthia
G
N
Z U
M
Pediatric Physical Examination 3rd Edition Duderstadt TESTBANK
Chapter 1: Approach to Care and Assessment of Children and Adolescents
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A nurse is reviewing developmental concepts for infants and children. Which statement best
describes development in infants and children?
a. Development, a predictable and orderly process, occurs at varying rates within normal limits.
b. Development is primarily related to the growth in the number and size of cells.
, c. Development occurs in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle development occurring
first.
d. Development is more easily and accurately measured than growth.
ANS: A
Development, a continuous orderly process, provides the basis for increases in the childs function
and complexity of behavior. The increases in rate of function and complexity can vary normally
within limits for each child. An increase in the number and size of cells is a definition for growth.
Development proceeds in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle organization occurring as a
result of large muscle organization. Development is a more complex process that is affected by
many factors; therefore, it is less easily and accurately measured. Growth is a predictable process
U
mbuthia
with standard measurement methods.
G
2. Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason?
a. Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to identify any delays or
deficits.
N
b. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development.
U
c. Critical periods of development occur during childhood.
d. Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring.
Z
M
ANS: C
Critical periods are blocks of time during which children are ready to master specific
developmental tasks. Children can master these tasks more easily during particular periods of time
in their growth and developmental process. Infancy is a dynamic time of development that
requires frequent evaluations to assess appropriate developmental progress. Infants in a nurturing
environment will develop appropriately and will not necessarily need stimulation specific to their
developmental stage. Normal growth and development are orderly and proceed in a predictable
pattern on the basis of each individuals abilities and potentials.
3. Which factor has the greatest influence on child growth and development?
a. Culture
b. Environment
c. Genetics
, d. Nutrition
ANS: C
Genetic factors (heredity) determine each individuals growth and developmental rate. Although
factors such as environment, culture, nutrition, and family can influence genetic traits, they do not
eliminate the effect of the genetic endowment, which is permanent. Culture is a significant factor
that influences how children grow toward adulthood. Culture influences both growth and
development but does not eliminate inborn genetic influences. Environment has a significant role
in determining growth and development both before and after birth. The environment can
influence how and to which extent genetic traits are manifested, but environmental factors cannot
U
mbuthia
eliminate the effect of genetics. Nutrition is critical for growth and plays a significant role
throughout childhood.
G
4. A nurse is planning a teaching session with a child. According to Piagetian theory, the period
of cognitive development in which the child is able to distinguish fact from fantasy is the period
of cognitive development.
N
a. sensorimotor
Z U
M
mbuthia
TEST BANK FOR PEDIATRIC
G
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AN
ILLUSTRATED HANDBOOK 3RD
N
EDITION DUDERSTADT
Z U
M
, U
mbuthia
G
N
Z U
M
Pediatric Physical Examination 3rd Edition Duderstadt TESTBANK
Chapter 1: Approach to Care and Assessment of Children and Adolescents
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A nurse is reviewing developmental concepts for infants and children. Which statement best
describes development in infants and children?
a. Development, a predictable and orderly process, occurs at varying rates within normal limits.
b. Development is primarily related to the growth in the number and size of cells.
, c. Development occurs in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle development occurring
first.
d. Development is more easily and accurately measured than growth.
ANS: A
Development, a continuous orderly process, provides the basis for increases in the childs function
and complexity of behavior. The increases in rate of function and complexity can vary normally
within limits for each child. An increase in the number and size of cells is a definition for growth.
Development proceeds in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle organization occurring as a
result of large muscle organization. Development is a more complex process that is affected by
many factors; therefore, it is less easily and accurately measured. Growth is a predictable process
U
mbuthia
with standard measurement methods.
G
2. Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason?
a. Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to identify any delays or
deficits.
N
b. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development.
U
c. Critical periods of development occur during childhood.
d. Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring.
Z
M
ANS: C
Critical periods are blocks of time during which children are ready to master specific
developmental tasks. Children can master these tasks more easily during particular periods of time
in their growth and developmental process. Infancy is a dynamic time of development that
requires frequent evaluations to assess appropriate developmental progress. Infants in a nurturing
environment will develop appropriately and will not necessarily need stimulation specific to their
developmental stage. Normal growth and development are orderly and proceed in a predictable
pattern on the basis of each individuals abilities and potentials.
3. Which factor has the greatest influence on child growth and development?
a. Culture
b. Environment
c. Genetics
, d. Nutrition
ANS: C
Genetic factors (heredity) determine each individuals growth and developmental rate. Although
factors such as environment, culture, nutrition, and family can influence genetic traits, they do not
eliminate the effect of the genetic endowment, which is permanent. Culture is a significant factor
that influences how children grow toward adulthood. Culture influences both growth and
development but does not eliminate inborn genetic influences. Environment has a significant role
in determining growth and development both before and after birth. The environment can
influence how and to which extent genetic traits are manifested, but environmental factors cannot
U
mbuthia
eliminate the effect of genetics. Nutrition is critical for growth and plays a significant role
throughout childhood.
G
4. A nurse is planning a teaching session with a child. According to Piagetian theory, the period
of cognitive development in which the child is able to distinguish fact from fantasy is the period
of cognitive development.
N
a. sensorimotor
Z U
M
