Chapter 1 Criminology and
the Sociological
Perspective 2026 | Study
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Answers
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, Social Structure refers to how a society is organized in terms of both social relationships and
social interactions
Intersectionality refers to the ways in which peoples race and ethnicity, social class, and gender
interact to produce outcomes reflecting the combined influence of these
backgrounds, often to an individual's disadvantage
Norms standards of behavior
Deviance behavior that violates norms and arouses negative social reactions (but not
illegal)
- relative to time and space
Social Control society's restraint of norm-violating behavior
- informal: fear of society's informal sanctions (e.g. ostracism and ridicule)
- formal: in the form specialized groups of people (e.g. law enforcement, judges,
legislators)
Laws formal, written and codified norms
Criminogenic crime causing
Generalize the act of applying knowledge of specific cases to others
Horizontal Social Structure refers to the social and physical characteristics of communities and the networks
of social relationships to which an individual belongs
Vertical Social Structure/Social Inequality refers to how a society ranks different groups o people (e.g. class, race, ethnicity,
and gender)
Anomie Theory attributed deviance to the poor's inability to achieve economic success in a
society that highly values it (can contribute to crime)
Crime behavior that is written into law as banned and considered harmful
Differential Association Theory emphasizes the importance of peer influence in causing crime and was used by
its author to analyze white collar crime
Mala Prohibita *
Customs *norms which remain unwritten and informal
Mala in se *
Sociological Imagination *the ability to understand the structural and historical basis for personal troubles
Criminology the study of crime (including making of law, breaking of laws, conforming to laws,
and reactions to the breaking of law)
- Edwin Sutherland
the Sociological
Perspective 2026 | Study
Guide, Questions &
Answers
|Graded A+ | Guaranteed
success|
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales
Included
, Social Structure refers to how a society is organized in terms of both social relationships and
social interactions
Intersectionality refers to the ways in which peoples race and ethnicity, social class, and gender
interact to produce outcomes reflecting the combined influence of these
backgrounds, often to an individual's disadvantage
Norms standards of behavior
Deviance behavior that violates norms and arouses negative social reactions (but not
illegal)
- relative to time and space
Social Control society's restraint of norm-violating behavior
- informal: fear of society's informal sanctions (e.g. ostracism and ridicule)
- formal: in the form specialized groups of people (e.g. law enforcement, judges,
legislators)
Laws formal, written and codified norms
Criminogenic crime causing
Generalize the act of applying knowledge of specific cases to others
Horizontal Social Structure refers to the social and physical characteristics of communities and the networks
of social relationships to which an individual belongs
Vertical Social Structure/Social Inequality refers to how a society ranks different groups o people (e.g. class, race, ethnicity,
and gender)
Anomie Theory attributed deviance to the poor's inability to achieve economic success in a
society that highly values it (can contribute to crime)
Crime behavior that is written into law as banned and considered harmful
Differential Association Theory emphasizes the importance of peer influence in causing crime and was used by
its author to analyze white collar crime
Mala Prohibita *
Customs *norms which remain unwritten and informal
Mala in se *
Sociological Imagination *the ability to understand the structural and historical basis for personal troubles
Criminology the study of crime (including making of law, breaking of laws, conforming to laws,
and reactions to the breaking of law)
- Edwin Sutherland
