CRIM 1 Introduction to
Criminology 2026 | Study
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Answers
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Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
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Rationales
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,Interdisciplinary many disciplines are involved in the study of crimes and criminal behavior which
may include sociology, psychology, psychiatry, economics and other fields.
Principal Divisions of Criminology 1. Criminal Etiology
2. Sociology of Laws
3. Penology/Corrections
Criminal Etiology The scientific analysis of the causes of crime.
Sociology of Laws Scientific analysis of conditions from which criminal laws are developed.
Penology/Corrections Scientifically analyze the correctional methods, rehabilitation, and treatment of
offenders.
Different factors that enhance the development of 1. Criminal Demography
criminal behavior 2. Criminal Epidemiology
3. Criminal Ecology
4. Criminal Anthropology
5. Criminal Psychology
6. Criminal Psychiatry
7. Victimology
Criminal Demography the study of the relationship between criminality and population
Criminal Epidemiology the study of criminality in relation to the spatial distribution in a community
Criminal Ecology the study of the relationship between environment and criminality
Criminal Antropology study of criminality in relation to physical constitution of men
Criminal Psychology the study of human behavior in relation to criminality
Criminal Psychiatry study of mental and behavioral disorders in relation to criminality.
Victimology The study of the role of the victim in the commission of a crime.
George Wilker Argued criminology lacks universal validity.
Edwin H. Sutherland he hoped that criminology will become a science in the future since the causes of
crime are almost the same
Dean of Modern Criminology Edwin H. Sutherland
Human Behavior refers to the manner, the way in which a human react to his environment
, Criminal Behavior is intentional behavior that violates a criminal code; intentional that it did not
occurs accidentally or under duress.
Deviant Behavior A behavior that deviates from the norms and standards of the society.
Schools of thought Way of thinking or a group of people who share the common opinion.
Classical School the school of thought that individuals have free will to choose whether to commit
crimes
Main proponents of Classical School 1. Cesare Becarria
2. Jeremy Bentham
Hedonism Pain and pleasure principle
Utilitarianism The theory, proposed by Jeremy Bentham in the late 1700s, that government
actions are useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest number
of people.
Neo-Classical School It argues that since children and lunatics cannot calculate pain and pleasure, they
should not be regarded as criminals and as such they should not be punished.
Positivist/Italian School This school views crime as a social phenomenon and attaches importance to the
criminal offenders. The criminal is considered as a sick person and should be
treated in a correctional institution.
Main Proponents of Positivists School/ Holy Three of 1. Cesare Lombroso
Criminology 2. Enrico Ferri
3. Raffaele Garofalo
Cesare Lombroso Father of Modern Criminology
Lombroso's Classification of Criminals (BICO) 1. Born Criminals
2. Insane Criminals
3. Criminals by passion
4. Occasional Criminals
Born Criminals People with atavistic characteristics
Insane Criminals Those having anatomical and biological abnormalities. These include imbeciles,
idiots, as well as alcoholics, hysterics and epileptics.
Criminals by passion Those who are triggered by emotional force such as love, anger, hatred, jealousy,
and others.
Criminology 2026 | Study
Guide, Questions &
Answers
|Graded A+ | Guaranteed
success|
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales
Included
,Interdisciplinary many disciplines are involved in the study of crimes and criminal behavior which
may include sociology, psychology, psychiatry, economics and other fields.
Principal Divisions of Criminology 1. Criminal Etiology
2. Sociology of Laws
3. Penology/Corrections
Criminal Etiology The scientific analysis of the causes of crime.
Sociology of Laws Scientific analysis of conditions from which criminal laws are developed.
Penology/Corrections Scientifically analyze the correctional methods, rehabilitation, and treatment of
offenders.
Different factors that enhance the development of 1. Criminal Demography
criminal behavior 2. Criminal Epidemiology
3. Criminal Ecology
4. Criminal Anthropology
5. Criminal Psychology
6. Criminal Psychiatry
7. Victimology
Criminal Demography the study of the relationship between criminality and population
Criminal Epidemiology the study of criminality in relation to the spatial distribution in a community
Criminal Ecology the study of the relationship between environment and criminality
Criminal Antropology study of criminality in relation to physical constitution of men
Criminal Psychology the study of human behavior in relation to criminality
Criminal Psychiatry study of mental and behavioral disorders in relation to criminality.
Victimology The study of the role of the victim in the commission of a crime.
George Wilker Argued criminology lacks universal validity.
Edwin H. Sutherland he hoped that criminology will become a science in the future since the causes of
crime are almost the same
Dean of Modern Criminology Edwin H. Sutherland
Human Behavior refers to the manner, the way in which a human react to his environment
, Criminal Behavior is intentional behavior that violates a criminal code; intentional that it did not
occurs accidentally or under duress.
Deviant Behavior A behavior that deviates from the norms and standards of the society.
Schools of thought Way of thinking or a group of people who share the common opinion.
Classical School the school of thought that individuals have free will to choose whether to commit
crimes
Main proponents of Classical School 1. Cesare Becarria
2. Jeremy Bentham
Hedonism Pain and pleasure principle
Utilitarianism The theory, proposed by Jeremy Bentham in the late 1700s, that government
actions are useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest number
of people.
Neo-Classical School It argues that since children and lunatics cannot calculate pain and pleasure, they
should not be regarded as criminals and as such they should not be punished.
Positivist/Italian School This school views crime as a social phenomenon and attaches importance to the
criminal offenders. The criminal is considered as a sick person and should be
treated in a correctional institution.
Main Proponents of Positivists School/ Holy Three of 1. Cesare Lombroso
Criminology 2. Enrico Ferri
3. Raffaele Garofalo
Cesare Lombroso Father of Modern Criminology
Lombroso's Classification of Criminals (BICO) 1. Born Criminals
2. Insane Criminals
3. Criminals by passion
4. Occasional Criminals
Born Criminals People with atavistic characteristics
Insane Criminals Those having anatomical and biological abnormalities. These include imbeciles,
idiots, as well as alcoholics, hysterics and epileptics.
Criminals by passion Those who are triggered by emotional force such as love, anger, hatred, jealousy,
and others.
