BYU PDBIO 305 HANSEN FINAL EXAM ACTUAL
2026 QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
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Terms in this set (196)
Describe the concept of Homeostasis is the relative constant conditions in
homeostasis and how it relates to the internal environment. Basically keeping the
the regulation of physiological body at constant equilibrium
processes.
Explain how negative feedback opposes initial change to the body. sensor,
works and its effect on control center, effector
homeostasis.
Describe examples of negative temperature, swelling,
feedback in the human body.
Describe the parts of a negative Sensor senses magnitude of change, control
feedback system (sensor, control center compares sensors measurement to
center, effector). normal, effector responds to control center
Explain how positive feedback amplifies initial change
works and its effect on
homeostasis.
,Describe examples of positive pregnancy, salivation
feedback in the human body.
Describe feed-forward control and responses made in anticipation of change.
give examples Salivary gland activates when bell rings for lunch
Define metabolism. all the chemical reactions that occur in your body
Describe the role of ATP in energy ate releases energy which cells harness to
metabolism. perform work
Define substrate-level substrate level is a direct transfer of a phosphate
phosphorylation and oxidative group from a previously phosphorylated
phosphorylation. Give examples of compound to a molecule of adp like creatine or
each. glycolysis
oxidative has different long cycles such as
glycolysis to linking step to krebs cycle to
electron transport chain
Describe the outcomes of glucose+2NAD+2ADP+2P= 2
glycolysis. Pyruvate+2NADH+2H+2ATP
Describe the outcomes of the converts ONE pyruvate (there are 2 in glycolysis)
linking step. into- acetyl-CoA, 1NADH, 1CO2
Describe the outcomes of Kreb's Each acetyl CoA from linking step produces- 1
cycle . ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 2 CO2
, Describe the complete process of Electron transport chain makes 2.5 ATP/1 NADH,
glucose breakdown from glycolysis and 1.5 ATP/1 FADH. In total if all pyruvate and
through the ETC. Account for all acetyl are taken through (2 and 2), 32 ATP are
carbons, NADH, CO2, FADH2 and produced.
ATP produced and/or consumed.
Describe the effect of uncoupling uncoupling proteins release energy from a high
proteins on the efficiency of energy electron which powers the process, then
oxidative phosphorylation. the ATP synthase protein uses that energy to
generate ATP from ADP. Makes 2.5 and 1.5 ATP/
molecule so efficient
Explain the general process of fat fatty acids and triglycerides are converted to
oxidation. acetyl CoA through beta oxidation, then acetyl is
ran through like normal
Explain the importance of lactate a separate pathway (less efficient) to produce atp
dehydrogenase. for energy without oxygen present.
Explain the role of chemical, 2 forms of passive transport: simple diffusion, and
electrical and electrochemical facilitated diffusion. Simple is through lipid bilayer
driving forces in the passive and channels with a concentration gradient.
transport of substances across a Facilitated is a carrier allowing substance to go
membrane. through regardless of driving force
Distinguish between passive and passive transport (facilitated and simple) doesn't
active transport require energy to do, while active transport
(primary and secondary) require energy to move
across and against a gradient
List and explain the factors that simple: magnitude of concentration gradient,
affect the rate of diffusion surface area, permeability.
facilitated: rate of transport of carrier, number of
carriers, concentration gradient
2026 QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
Save
Terms in this set (196)
Describe the concept of Homeostasis is the relative constant conditions in
homeostasis and how it relates to the internal environment. Basically keeping the
the regulation of physiological body at constant equilibrium
processes.
Explain how negative feedback opposes initial change to the body. sensor,
works and its effect on control center, effector
homeostasis.
Describe examples of negative temperature, swelling,
feedback in the human body.
Describe the parts of a negative Sensor senses magnitude of change, control
feedback system (sensor, control center compares sensors measurement to
center, effector). normal, effector responds to control center
Explain how positive feedback amplifies initial change
works and its effect on
homeostasis.
,Describe examples of positive pregnancy, salivation
feedback in the human body.
Describe feed-forward control and responses made in anticipation of change.
give examples Salivary gland activates when bell rings for lunch
Define metabolism. all the chemical reactions that occur in your body
Describe the role of ATP in energy ate releases energy which cells harness to
metabolism. perform work
Define substrate-level substrate level is a direct transfer of a phosphate
phosphorylation and oxidative group from a previously phosphorylated
phosphorylation. Give examples of compound to a molecule of adp like creatine or
each. glycolysis
oxidative has different long cycles such as
glycolysis to linking step to krebs cycle to
electron transport chain
Describe the outcomes of glucose+2NAD+2ADP+2P= 2
glycolysis. Pyruvate+2NADH+2H+2ATP
Describe the outcomes of the converts ONE pyruvate (there are 2 in glycolysis)
linking step. into- acetyl-CoA, 1NADH, 1CO2
Describe the outcomes of Kreb's Each acetyl CoA from linking step produces- 1
cycle . ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 2 CO2
, Describe the complete process of Electron transport chain makes 2.5 ATP/1 NADH,
glucose breakdown from glycolysis and 1.5 ATP/1 FADH. In total if all pyruvate and
through the ETC. Account for all acetyl are taken through (2 and 2), 32 ATP are
carbons, NADH, CO2, FADH2 and produced.
ATP produced and/or consumed.
Describe the effect of uncoupling uncoupling proteins release energy from a high
proteins on the efficiency of energy electron which powers the process, then
oxidative phosphorylation. the ATP synthase protein uses that energy to
generate ATP from ADP. Makes 2.5 and 1.5 ATP/
molecule so efficient
Explain the general process of fat fatty acids and triglycerides are converted to
oxidation. acetyl CoA through beta oxidation, then acetyl is
ran through like normal
Explain the importance of lactate a separate pathway (less efficient) to produce atp
dehydrogenase. for energy without oxygen present.
Explain the role of chemical, 2 forms of passive transport: simple diffusion, and
electrical and electrochemical facilitated diffusion. Simple is through lipid bilayer
driving forces in the passive and channels with a concentration gradient.
transport of substances across a Facilitated is a carrier allowing substance to go
membrane. through regardless of driving force
Distinguish between passive and passive transport (facilitated and simple) doesn't
active transport require energy to do, while active transport
(primary and secondary) require energy to move
across and against a gradient
List and explain the factors that simple: magnitude of concentration gradient,
affect the rate of diffusion surface area, permeability.
facilitated: rate of transport of carrier, number of
carriers, concentration gradient
