Rasmussen College MDC 2 Exam 1
Updated Questions And Answers With
100% Correct Answers Graded A+
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Benign cells. ANSWER - Normal cells growing in the wrong place or at the wrong time
Benign Cell Features. ANSWER - o Harmless
o Do not usually require intervention
o Slow growing
o Tight Adherence
o Specific morphology
o Small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio
o Specific differentiated functions
o Tight adherence
o Orderly growth
o No migration
o Normal chromosomes
Benign cell looks similar to a. ANSWER - healthy cell
Examples of Benign cells. ANSWER - o Skin Tag
o Mole
o Nasal Polyp
o Uterine Fibroids
o Endometriosis
Malignant cells. ANSWER - indicates cancer and can be harmful to normal body tissues
and result in death
,Malignant cell features. ANSWER - o Large nucleus
o Migration
o Doesn't stop and replicates (No contact inhibition)
o Loose adherence
o Rapid or continuous cell division
o Loss of cellular regulation
o Abnormal chromosomes (< or > 23)
Seven warning signs of cancer. ANSWER - o C-Change in bowel or bladder patterns
o A-A sore that doesn't heal
o U-Unusual bleeding or d/c
o. T-Thickening or lump on breast or elsewhere
o I-Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
o O-Obvious change in wart or mole
o N-Nagging cough or hoarseness
Cancer development stages of malignancy. ANSWER - o Initiation
o Promotion
o Progression
o Metastasis
Initiation (Stage of malignancy). ANSWER - Normal cells are damaged and irreversible
Promotion. ANSWER - Repeated exposure>Enhances growth of malignant cells
Progression. ANSWER - Increase in production of malignant cells
Metastasis. ANSWER - Cells move from primary site to the rest of the body
Carcinogenesis/oncogenesis. ANSWER - cancer development
Cancer classification. ANSWER - o Grading
o Ploidy
o Staging
,o TNM
o Doubling time and mitotic index
Grading. ANSWER - Looking under microscope and determine level/degree of mutation
of cancer cell from normal cells
o Ex. 1= No mutation
o 4= Severe mutation
Ploidy. ANSWER - Number of chromosomes
Staging. ANSWER - How large is the primary tumor and how far has it spread
TNM. ANSWER - o T-Tumor (How large is primary or 2nd)
o N- Node (Are regional lymph nodes invaded by cancer cell)
o M-Metastasis (0=None, 1=There is metastasis)
Doubling time and mitotic index. ANSWER - Period of time required for that quantity to
double in size (Tells how aggressive cancer grows)
o Stage 1=Localized
o Stage 4= Spread across the body
Cancer prevention primary. ANSWER - o Sunscreen
o Avoid smoking
o Removal of "at risk" tissue (mole)
o Chemoprevention
o Vaccine (HPV)
Cancer prevention secondary. ANSWER - o Mammogram
o Pap smear
o Prostate test
Cancer prevention tertiary. ANSWER - People who are already affected and getting
treatment (examples below)
o Chemo
, o Radiation
o Surgery, etc.
Types of cancers. ANSWER - carcinoma, sarcoma, melanoma, lymphoma, leukemia,
blastoma
Carcinoma. ANSWER - malignant tumors of glandular (lining) tissues
Sarcoma. ANSWER - malignant tumor of connective (bone) tissues
Melanoma. ANSWER - pigment producing skin cancer
Lymphoma. ANSWER - malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue
Leukemia. ANSWER - white blood cell tumor
Blastoma. ANSWER - malignant tumors of less differentiated, embryonal tissue
Lab Diagnostic Tests. ANSWER - o CBC
o Blood protein testing
o Tumor marker test
o Circulation tumor cell tests
Imaging Diagnostic Tests. ANSWER - o CT Scans
o MRI
o X-ray
o Ultrasound
o Mammogram
o Nuclear medicine scans
Endoscopy Diagnostic Tests. ANSWER - o Bronchoscopy
o Colonoscopy
o Cystoscopy
o Laparoscopy
Updated Questions And Answers With
100% Correct Answers Graded A+
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Benign cells. ANSWER - Normal cells growing in the wrong place or at the wrong time
Benign Cell Features. ANSWER - o Harmless
o Do not usually require intervention
o Slow growing
o Tight Adherence
o Specific morphology
o Small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio
o Specific differentiated functions
o Tight adherence
o Orderly growth
o No migration
o Normal chromosomes
Benign cell looks similar to a. ANSWER - healthy cell
Examples of Benign cells. ANSWER - o Skin Tag
o Mole
o Nasal Polyp
o Uterine Fibroids
o Endometriosis
Malignant cells. ANSWER - indicates cancer and can be harmful to normal body tissues
and result in death
,Malignant cell features. ANSWER - o Large nucleus
o Migration
o Doesn't stop and replicates (No contact inhibition)
o Loose adherence
o Rapid or continuous cell division
o Loss of cellular regulation
o Abnormal chromosomes (< or > 23)
Seven warning signs of cancer. ANSWER - o C-Change in bowel or bladder patterns
o A-A sore that doesn't heal
o U-Unusual bleeding or d/c
o. T-Thickening or lump on breast or elsewhere
o I-Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
o O-Obvious change in wart or mole
o N-Nagging cough or hoarseness
Cancer development stages of malignancy. ANSWER - o Initiation
o Promotion
o Progression
o Metastasis
Initiation (Stage of malignancy). ANSWER - Normal cells are damaged and irreversible
Promotion. ANSWER - Repeated exposure>Enhances growth of malignant cells
Progression. ANSWER - Increase in production of malignant cells
Metastasis. ANSWER - Cells move from primary site to the rest of the body
Carcinogenesis/oncogenesis. ANSWER - cancer development
Cancer classification. ANSWER - o Grading
o Ploidy
o Staging
,o TNM
o Doubling time and mitotic index
Grading. ANSWER - Looking under microscope and determine level/degree of mutation
of cancer cell from normal cells
o Ex. 1= No mutation
o 4= Severe mutation
Ploidy. ANSWER - Number of chromosomes
Staging. ANSWER - How large is the primary tumor and how far has it spread
TNM. ANSWER - o T-Tumor (How large is primary or 2nd)
o N- Node (Are regional lymph nodes invaded by cancer cell)
o M-Metastasis (0=None, 1=There is metastasis)
Doubling time and mitotic index. ANSWER - Period of time required for that quantity to
double in size (Tells how aggressive cancer grows)
o Stage 1=Localized
o Stage 4= Spread across the body
Cancer prevention primary. ANSWER - o Sunscreen
o Avoid smoking
o Removal of "at risk" tissue (mole)
o Chemoprevention
o Vaccine (HPV)
Cancer prevention secondary. ANSWER - o Mammogram
o Pap smear
o Prostate test
Cancer prevention tertiary. ANSWER - People who are already affected and getting
treatment (examples below)
o Chemo
, o Radiation
o Surgery, etc.
Types of cancers. ANSWER - carcinoma, sarcoma, melanoma, lymphoma, leukemia,
blastoma
Carcinoma. ANSWER - malignant tumors of glandular (lining) tissues
Sarcoma. ANSWER - malignant tumor of connective (bone) tissues
Melanoma. ANSWER - pigment producing skin cancer
Lymphoma. ANSWER - malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue
Leukemia. ANSWER - white blood cell tumor
Blastoma. ANSWER - malignant tumors of less differentiated, embryonal tissue
Lab Diagnostic Tests. ANSWER - o CBC
o Blood protein testing
o Tumor marker test
o Circulation tumor cell tests
Imaging Diagnostic Tests. ANSWER - o CT Scans
o MRI
o X-ray
o Ultrasound
o Mammogram
o Nuclear medicine scans
Endoscopy Diagnostic Tests. ANSWER - o Bronchoscopy
o Colonoscopy
o Cystoscopy
o Laparoscopy
