ASCP RECALLS 2026 521 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION STUDY GUIDE
GRADED A+
⩥ Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.
Answer: Prototypic of restrictive lung diseases It is characterized by
patchy lung fibrosis and formation of cystic spaces (honeycomb lung).
Cigarette smoking or exposure to various environmental irritants or
toxins leads to recurrent cycles of epithelial activation/injury. Such
injury triggers abnormal "wound healing" in a susceptible host, with
excessive fibroblast proliferation.
⩥ Pneumoconiosis.
Answer: A group of chronic fibrosing diseases of the lung resulting from
exposure to organic and inorganic particulate, most commonly mineral
dust
⩥ Sarcoidosis.
Answer: A multisystem disease of unknown etiology characterized by
noncaseating granulomas in many tissues and organs
⩥ Goodpasture Syndrome.
,Answer: A proliferative, usually rapidly progressive, glomerulonephritis
and hemorrhagic interstitial pneumonitis
⩥ Tuberculosis.
Answer: A communicable chronic granulomatous disease caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis usually involving the lungs but may affect
any organ or tissue
⩥ Pneumothorax.
Answer: Air or other gas in the pleural sac
Can be traumatic (e.g., after rib fractures that puncture the lung) or
spontaneous, occurring after peripheral apical bleb rupture.
⩥ Malignant Mesothelioma.
Answer: A rare cancer of mesothelial cells, usually arising in the parietal
or visceral pleura, related to occupational exposure of asbestos
⩥ Acute Nephritic Syndrome.
Answer: A glomerular syndrome dominated by the acute onset of usually
grossly visible hematuria, mild to moderate proteinuria, azotemia, edema
and hypertension The classic presentation of acute post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis
,⩥ Nephrotic Syndrome.
Answer: A glomerular syndrome characterized by heavy proteinuria,
hypoalbuminemia, severe edema, hyperlipidemia and lipiduria
⩥ Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis.
Answer: A lesion characterized histologically by sclerosis affecting
some but not all glomeruli and involving only segments of each affected
glomerulus
⩥ IgA Nephropathy.
Answer: Mesangial deposits of IgA-containing immune complexes The
most common cause of nephritic syndrome worldwide
⩥ Acute Pyelonephritis.
Answer: A common suppurative inflammation of the kidney and the
renal pelvis caused by bacterial infection
⩥ Acute Tubular Necrosis.
Answer: The most common cause of acute renal failure characterized by
oliguria, uremia, and signs of fluid overload Resulting from ischemic or
toxic injury to renal tubules
⩥ Benign Nephrosclerosis.
, Answer: Progressive, chronic renal damage associated with benign
hypertension, characterized by hyaline arteriosclerosis and narrowing of
vascular lumens
⩥ Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease.
Answer: An autosomal dominant disease Kidneys may be very large and
contain many cysts
⩥ Autosomal Recessive (childhood) Polycystic Kidney disease.
Answer: An autosomal recessive disease strongly associated with liver
abnormalities The kidneys contain numerous small cysts
⩥ Clear cell carcinoma.
Answer: The most common type of renal cell carcinoma made up of
cells with clear or granular cytoplasm
⩥ Leukoplakia.
Answer: A whitish, well-defined mucosal patch or plaque caused by
epidermal thickening or hyperkeratosis most commonly on the vermilion
border of the lower lip, buccal mucosa, and the hard and soft palates
⩥ Sialadenitis.
Answer: Inflammation of the major salivary glands
ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION STUDY GUIDE
GRADED A+
⩥ Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.
Answer: Prototypic of restrictive lung diseases It is characterized by
patchy lung fibrosis and formation of cystic spaces (honeycomb lung).
Cigarette smoking or exposure to various environmental irritants or
toxins leads to recurrent cycles of epithelial activation/injury. Such
injury triggers abnormal "wound healing" in a susceptible host, with
excessive fibroblast proliferation.
⩥ Pneumoconiosis.
Answer: A group of chronic fibrosing diseases of the lung resulting from
exposure to organic and inorganic particulate, most commonly mineral
dust
⩥ Sarcoidosis.
Answer: A multisystem disease of unknown etiology characterized by
noncaseating granulomas in many tissues and organs
⩥ Goodpasture Syndrome.
,Answer: A proliferative, usually rapidly progressive, glomerulonephritis
and hemorrhagic interstitial pneumonitis
⩥ Tuberculosis.
Answer: A communicable chronic granulomatous disease caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis usually involving the lungs but may affect
any organ or tissue
⩥ Pneumothorax.
Answer: Air or other gas in the pleural sac
Can be traumatic (e.g., after rib fractures that puncture the lung) or
spontaneous, occurring after peripheral apical bleb rupture.
⩥ Malignant Mesothelioma.
Answer: A rare cancer of mesothelial cells, usually arising in the parietal
or visceral pleura, related to occupational exposure of asbestos
⩥ Acute Nephritic Syndrome.
Answer: A glomerular syndrome dominated by the acute onset of usually
grossly visible hematuria, mild to moderate proteinuria, azotemia, edema
and hypertension The classic presentation of acute post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis
,⩥ Nephrotic Syndrome.
Answer: A glomerular syndrome characterized by heavy proteinuria,
hypoalbuminemia, severe edema, hyperlipidemia and lipiduria
⩥ Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis.
Answer: A lesion characterized histologically by sclerosis affecting
some but not all glomeruli and involving only segments of each affected
glomerulus
⩥ IgA Nephropathy.
Answer: Mesangial deposits of IgA-containing immune complexes The
most common cause of nephritic syndrome worldwide
⩥ Acute Pyelonephritis.
Answer: A common suppurative inflammation of the kidney and the
renal pelvis caused by bacterial infection
⩥ Acute Tubular Necrosis.
Answer: The most common cause of acute renal failure characterized by
oliguria, uremia, and signs of fluid overload Resulting from ischemic or
toxic injury to renal tubules
⩥ Benign Nephrosclerosis.
, Answer: Progressive, chronic renal damage associated with benign
hypertension, characterized by hyaline arteriosclerosis and narrowing of
vascular lumens
⩥ Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease.
Answer: An autosomal dominant disease Kidneys may be very large and
contain many cysts
⩥ Autosomal Recessive (childhood) Polycystic Kidney disease.
Answer: An autosomal recessive disease strongly associated with liver
abnormalities The kidneys contain numerous small cysts
⩥ Clear cell carcinoma.
Answer: The most common type of renal cell carcinoma made up of
cells with clear or granular cytoplasm
⩥ Leukoplakia.
Answer: A whitish, well-defined mucosal patch or plaque caused by
epidermal thickening or hyperkeratosis most commonly on the vermilion
border of the lower lip, buccal mucosa, and the hard and soft palates
⩥ Sialadenitis.
Answer: Inflammation of the major salivary glands
