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NURS 5315 INFECTION DETAILED NEWEST 2026 EXAM
QUESTIONS LATEST VERSION SOLVED QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS VERIFIED
Questions and Verified Solutions Exam 2026
How do viruses replicate within a host?
a) They reproduce by binary fission
b) They rely on the host cell's machinery for replication
c) They replicate independently of the host cell
d) They form spores to reproduce
b) They rely on the host cell's machinery for replication
What is the first step in viral replication?
a) Uncoating
b) Attachment to host cell receptors
c) Assembly of new virions
d) Release of new virions
b) Attachment to host cell receptors
Which of the following is a characteristic of viral latency?
a) Viruses immediately cause symptoms
b) Some viruses remain dormant, like herpesvirus
c) Viruses replicate continuously without stopping
d) Latency only occurs in bacteria
b) Some viruses remain dormant, like herpesvirus
Antigenic variation in viruses allows them to:
a) Infect multiple host species
b) Evade the immune response through antigenic drift and shift
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c) Replicate faster
d) Maintain the host's immune system in a constant state of alert
b) Evade the immune response through antigenic drift and shift
Which viral replication step involves the release of new virions from the host
cell?
a) Entry
b) Uncoating
c) Assembly
d) Release
d) Release
How do some viruses evade the immune system?
a) By changing their surface antigens
b) By staying inside host cells without replication
c) By producing antibiotics
d) By destroying host immune cells
a) By changing their surface antigens
What is the main difference between molds and yeasts?
a) Molds are unicellular, and yeasts are multicellular
b) Molds are aerobic, and yeasts are anaerobic
c) Molds are multicellular, and yeasts are unicellular
d) Molds and yeasts are identical
c) Molds are multicellular, and yeasts are unicellular
What does the cell wall of fungi primarily consist of?
a) Peptidoglycan
b) Chitin
c) Cellulose
d) Glycogen
b) Chitin
Which of the following is true about dimorphic fungi?
a) They can only grow in yeast form
b) They switch between mold and yeast forms depending on environmental
conditions
c) They are strictly yeast-like in appearance
d) They are multicellular only in yeast form
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b) They switch between mold and yeast forms depending on environmental
conditions
What is the primary pathogenic mechanism of fungi?
a) Invading host cells and causing direct cell damage
b) Producing endotoxins that harm the host
c) Secreting enzymes and toxins to degrade host tissues
d) Releasing viral particles that infect host cells
c) Secreting enzymes and toxins to degrade host tissues
Which component of the fungal cell membrane is unique and not found in
human cells?
a) Cholesterol
b) Phospholipids
c) Ergosterol
d) Sphingolipids
c) Ergosterol
Which of the following best describes the role of phagocytes in fungal
infections?
a) They cause the initial fungal infection
b) They limit the infection by activating T-cells and producing cytokines
c) They contribute to fungal replication
d) They act as the primary source of fungal spores
b) They limit the infection by activating T-cells and producing cytokines
Which bacterial structure is responsible for adhesion to host cells?
a) Flagella
b) Pilus
c) Capsule
d) Ribosomes
b) Pilus
What is the primary function of the bacterial capsule?
a) To help the bacterium move toward nutrients
b) To protect the bacterium from phagocytosis and desiccation
c) To store nutrients for later use
d) To synthesize proteins
b) To protect the bacterium from phagocytosis and desiccation
NURS 5315 INFECTION DETAILED NEWEST 2026 EXAM
QUESTIONS LATEST VERSION SOLVED QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS VERIFIED
Questions and Verified Solutions Exam 2026
How do viruses replicate within a host?
a) They reproduce by binary fission
b) They rely on the host cell's machinery for replication
c) They replicate independently of the host cell
d) They form spores to reproduce
b) They rely on the host cell's machinery for replication
What is the first step in viral replication?
a) Uncoating
b) Attachment to host cell receptors
c) Assembly of new virions
d) Release of new virions
b) Attachment to host cell receptors
Which of the following is a characteristic of viral latency?
a) Viruses immediately cause symptoms
b) Some viruses remain dormant, like herpesvirus
c) Viruses replicate continuously without stopping
d) Latency only occurs in bacteria
b) Some viruses remain dormant, like herpesvirus
Antigenic variation in viruses allows them to:
a) Infect multiple host species
b) Evade the immune response through antigenic drift and shift
, Page 2 of 21
c) Replicate faster
d) Maintain the host's immune system in a constant state of alert
b) Evade the immune response through antigenic drift and shift
Which viral replication step involves the release of new virions from the host
cell?
a) Entry
b) Uncoating
c) Assembly
d) Release
d) Release
How do some viruses evade the immune system?
a) By changing their surface antigens
b) By staying inside host cells without replication
c) By producing antibiotics
d) By destroying host immune cells
a) By changing their surface antigens
What is the main difference between molds and yeasts?
a) Molds are unicellular, and yeasts are multicellular
b) Molds are aerobic, and yeasts are anaerobic
c) Molds are multicellular, and yeasts are unicellular
d) Molds and yeasts are identical
c) Molds are multicellular, and yeasts are unicellular
What does the cell wall of fungi primarily consist of?
a) Peptidoglycan
b) Chitin
c) Cellulose
d) Glycogen
b) Chitin
Which of the following is true about dimorphic fungi?
a) They can only grow in yeast form
b) They switch between mold and yeast forms depending on environmental
conditions
c) They are strictly yeast-like in appearance
d) They are multicellular only in yeast form
, Page 3 of 21
b) They switch between mold and yeast forms depending on environmental
conditions
What is the primary pathogenic mechanism of fungi?
a) Invading host cells and causing direct cell damage
b) Producing endotoxins that harm the host
c) Secreting enzymes and toxins to degrade host tissues
d) Releasing viral particles that infect host cells
c) Secreting enzymes and toxins to degrade host tissues
Which component of the fungal cell membrane is unique and not found in
human cells?
a) Cholesterol
b) Phospholipids
c) Ergosterol
d) Sphingolipids
c) Ergosterol
Which of the following best describes the role of phagocytes in fungal
infections?
a) They cause the initial fungal infection
b) They limit the infection by activating T-cells and producing cytokines
c) They contribute to fungal replication
d) They act as the primary source of fungal spores
b) They limit the infection by activating T-cells and producing cytokines
Which bacterial structure is responsible for adhesion to host cells?
a) Flagella
b) Pilus
c) Capsule
d) Ribosomes
b) Pilus
What is the primary function of the bacterial capsule?
a) To help the bacterium move toward nutrients
b) To protect the bacterium from phagocytosis and desiccation
c) To store nutrients for later use
d) To synthesize proteins
b) To protect the bacterium from phagocytosis and desiccation
