NSG 4100 UNIT 1 EXAM| 50 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE |100% CORRECT.
1. A 68-year-old male patient presents to the clinic with a chief
complaint of painless hematuria that has been intermittent over the
past month. He reports a long history of tobacco use. Based on these
findings, which of the following conditions is the most likely concern?
a) Urinary tract infection (UTI)
b) Kidney stones
c) Bladder cancer
d) Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Correct Answer: c) Bladder cancer
,[cite_start]
Rationale: Visible, painless hematuria is the most common symptom
of bladder cancer, and tobacco use is a leading risk factor for all
urinary tract cancers, including bladder cancer. While UTls and kidney
stones can cause hematuria, they are typically accompanied by pain.
BPH causes urinary symptoms but not typically painless hematuria as
a primary symptom.
2. A patient is scheduled for an ileal conduit procedure for bladder
cancer. During the preoperative period, the nurse identifies that the
patient is anxious about managing the ostomy. Which nursing
intervention is most appropriate to address this concern?
a) Reassure the patient that family members will be trained to manage
the ostomy.
b) Provide a detailed written step-by-step guide on ostomy care
immediately.
c) Initiate a consultation with a Wound Ostomy Continence (WOC)
nurse.
d) Advise the patient that they will learn all necessary skills after
discharge.
,Correct Answer: c) Initiate a consultation with a Wound Ostomy
Continence (WOC) nurse.
[cite_start]
Rationale: A consultation with a WOC nurse is initiated because the
patient with an ileal conduit requires specialized care, and
preoperative education about basic self-care skills for managing the
ileal conduit is initiated during this period. This provides expert
guidance and support to alleviate anxiety.
3. A nurse is caring for a patient post-ileal conduit surgery. The nurse
notes the urine output is 0.3 mL/kg/h over the last two hours. The
patient also reports mild flank pain. What is the nurse's priority action?
a) Administer a prescribed analgesic for the flank pain.
b) Encourage the patient to drink liberal amounts of fluid.
c) Assess for signs of dehydration and potential obstruction in the ileal
conduit.
d) Reassure the patient that low urine output is normal immediately
after this surgery.
, Correct Answer: c) Assess for signs of dehydration and potential
obstruction in the ileal conduit.
[cite_start]
Rationale: A urine output below 0.5 mL/kg/h may indicate dehydration
or an obstruction in the ileal conduit, with possible backflow or leakage
from the ureteroileal anastomosis. Assessing for these serious
complications is the priority. Analgesics and fluid encouragement may
be appropriate but only after ruling out a more critical issue.
4. A patient with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) reports feeling
increasingly fatigued and short of breath with minimal exertion.
Laboratory results indicate a hemoglobin level of 8.5 g/dL. The nurse
anticipates an order for which medication?
a) Sevelamer carbonate
b) Furosemide
c) Recombinant human erythropoietin
d) Sodium bicarbonate
Correct Answer: ¢) Recombinant human erythropoietin
ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE |100% CORRECT.
1. A 68-year-old male patient presents to the clinic with a chief
complaint of painless hematuria that has been intermittent over the
past month. He reports a long history of tobacco use. Based on these
findings, which of the following conditions is the most likely concern?
a) Urinary tract infection (UTI)
b) Kidney stones
c) Bladder cancer
d) Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Correct Answer: c) Bladder cancer
,[cite_start]
Rationale: Visible, painless hematuria is the most common symptom
of bladder cancer, and tobacco use is a leading risk factor for all
urinary tract cancers, including bladder cancer. While UTls and kidney
stones can cause hematuria, they are typically accompanied by pain.
BPH causes urinary symptoms but not typically painless hematuria as
a primary symptom.
2. A patient is scheduled for an ileal conduit procedure for bladder
cancer. During the preoperative period, the nurse identifies that the
patient is anxious about managing the ostomy. Which nursing
intervention is most appropriate to address this concern?
a) Reassure the patient that family members will be trained to manage
the ostomy.
b) Provide a detailed written step-by-step guide on ostomy care
immediately.
c) Initiate a consultation with a Wound Ostomy Continence (WOC)
nurse.
d) Advise the patient that they will learn all necessary skills after
discharge.
,Correct Answer: c) Initiate a consultation with a Wound Ostomy
Continence (WOC) nurse.
[cite_start]
Rationale: A consultation with a WOC nurse is initiated because the
patient with an ileal conduit requires specialized care, and
preoperative education about basic self-care skills for managing the
ileal conduit is initiated during this period. This provides expert
guidance and support to alleviate anxiety.
3. A nurse is caring for a patient post-ileal conduit surgery. The nurse
notes the urine output is 0.3 mL/kg/h over the last two hours. The
patient also reports mild flank pain. What is the nurse's priority action?
a) Administer a prescribed analgesic for the flank pain.
b) Encourage the patient to drink liberal amounts of fluid.
c) Assess for signs of dehydration and potential obstruction in the ileal
conduit.
d) Reassure the patient that low urine output is normal immediately
after this surgery.
, Correct Answer: c) Assess for signs of dehydration and potential
obstruction in the ileal conduit.
[cite_start]
Rationale: A urine output below 0.5 mL/kg/h may indicate dehydration
or an obstruction in the ileal conduit, with possible backflow or leakage
from the ureteroileal anastomosis. Assessing for these serious
complications is the priority. Analgesics and fluid encouragement may
be appropriate but only after ruling out a more critical issue.
4. A patient with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) reports feeling
increasingly fatigued and short of breath with minimal exertion.
Laboratory results indicate a hemoglobin level of 8.5 g/dL. The nurse
anticipates an order for which medication?
a) Sevelamer carbonate
b) Furosemide
c) Recombinant human erythropoietin
d) Sodium bicarbonate
Correct Answer: ¢) Recombinant human erythropoietin
