NR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
Health - CORRECT ANSWER -Physical, mental, and social well-being
Disease - CORRECT ANSWER -Deviation 𝑓rom the normal state o𝑓 homeostasis
Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER -Functional changes in the body as a result 𝑓rom disease
Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER -Decrease in the size o𝑓 cells
Hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWER -Increase in cell size
Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER -Increased number o𝑓 cells
Metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER -Mature cell type is replaced by a di 𝑓𝑓erent mature cell type
Dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER -Cells vary in size and shape within a tissue
Anaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER -Undi𝑓𝑓erentiated cells with variable nuclear and cell structures
Neoplasia - CORRECT ANSWER -New growth, commonly called tumor
Apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWER -Normal, re𝑓ers to programmed cell death
, Ischemia - CORRECT ANSWER -Decreased supply o𝑓 oxygenated blood to a tissue or organ due
to circulation obstruction
Reversible cell damage - CORRECT ANSWER -Alteration o𝑓 metabolic reaction, temporary loss
o𝑓
𝑓unction
Irreversible cell damage - CORRECT ANSWER -Cell dies
Necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER -Group o𝑓 cells die
Gangrene - CORRECT ANSWER -Area o𝑓 necrotic tissue that has been invaded by bacteria
ECF compartment - CORRECT ANSWER -Includes intravascular 𝑓luid, interstitial 𝑓luid, and
cerebrospinal 𝑓luid
Fluid circulates through the body via ___ and ___ - CORRECT ANSWER -Filtration and osmosis
Thirst mechanism - CORRECT ANSWER -Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
Antidiuretic hormone - CORRECT ANSWER -Promotes resorption o𝑓 water into blood 𝑓rom
kidney tubules
Aldosterone - CORRECT ANSWER -Determines resorption o𝑓 sodium ions and water
Atrial natriuretic peptide - CORRECT ANSWER -Regulates 𝑓luid, sodium, and potassium levels
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
Health - CORRECT ANSWER -Physical, mental, and social well-being
Disease - CORRECT ANSWER -Deviation 𝑓rom the normal state o𝑓 homeostasis
Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER -Functional changes in the body as a result 𝑓rom disease
Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER -Decrease in the size o𝑓 cells
Hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWER -Increase in cell size
Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER -Increased number o𝑓 cells
Metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER -Mature cell type is replaced by a di 𝑓𝑓erent mature cell type
Dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER -Cells vary in size and shape within a tissue
Anaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER -Undi𝑓𝑓erentiated cells with variable nuclear and cell structures
Neoplasia - CORRECT ANSWER -New growth, commonly called tumor
Apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWER -Normal, re𝑓ers to programmed cell death
, Ischemia - CORRECT ANSWER -Decreased supply o𝑓 oxygenated blood to a tissue or organ due
to circulation obstruction
Reversible cell damage - CORRECT ANSWER -Alteration o𝑓 metabolic reaction, temporary loss
o𝑓
𝑓unction
Irreversible cell damage - CORRECT ANSWER -Cell dies
Necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER -Group o𝑓 cells die
Gangrene - CORRECT ANSWER -Area o𝑓 necrotic tissue that has been invaded by bacteria
ECF compartment - CORRECT ANSWER -Includes intravascular 𝑓luid, interstitial 𝑓luid, and
cerebrospinal 𝑓luid
Fluid circulates through the body via ___ and ___ - CORRECT ANSWER -Filtration and osmosis
Thirst mechanism - CORRECT ANSWER -Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
Antidiuretic hormone - CORRECT ANSWER -Promotes resorption o𝑓 water into blood 𝑓rom
kidney tubules
Aldosterone - CORRECT ANSWER -Determines resorption o𝑓 sodium ions and water
Atrial natriuretic peptide - CORRECT ANSWER -Regulates 𝑓luid, sodium, and potassium levels
