Bio 148 Exam Questions With Correct Answers BEST UPDATED COMBINED SET!!

Bio 148 Exam Questions With Correct Answers BEST UPDATED COMBINED SET!! What is the best definition of a complex life cycle? - Answer- A life cycle involving at least two distinct morphological or physiological or habitat stages In some species, life cycles can involve both sexual and asexual reproduction - Answer- True How many chicks do birds tend raise each breeding season? - Answer- The maximum number that they can successfully raise to fledglings What is the key message from this figure? - Answer- If a plant produces more seeds, each seed tends to be smaller Lecture - Answer- 9 Life History Which of the below is a key event in an organism's life history? - Answer- -Metamorphosis -Survival to adulthood -Reproduction What the key advantage of sexual reproduction compared to asexual reproduction? - Answer- Sexual reproduction creates genetic diversity whereas asexual reproduction creates genetic clones If a species is large, long-lived, provides parental care to its young, and produces large offspring, it would be classified as: - Answer- K-selected Select all life-history trade offs: - Answer- -Offspring number vs. parental growth -Offspring number vs. offspring size -Offspring size vs. parental survival -Caring for offspring vs. reproducing again Imagine you have two plant populations, one growing in the Arctic and one growing in San Francisco. How will their life-history strategies differ? - Answer- In the Arctic, young plants will grow, flower, and seed much faster. In San Francisco, they will be slower and potentially even survive for multiple years. I am a just-metamorphosed clownfish joining an anemone where there are five other adults of different sizes. What should I do? - Answer- Limit my growth to not be too close in size to the next biggest because they might kill me or evict me from the anemone Lecture - Answer- 10 Behavior What is the difference between proximate and ultimate causes of behavior? - Answer- Proximate causes are the short-term reason, whereas ultimate causes pertain to the adaptive significance of the behavior What is the core principle of optimal foraging theory? - Answer- Animals forage in a way that maximizes energy intake per unit of time spent foraging Which size group is best for group members? - Answer- Intermediate What is a key determinant of monogamous vs. polyandrous/polygynous mating systems? - Answer- The ability of the non-choosy sex to monopolize individuals of the choosy sex Which is a disadvantage to living in groups? - Answer- -Competition for food -Time spent fitting into a social hierarchy -Disease risk Which is not a core research question in animal behavior (i.e., which is not one of the four main topics we discussed about animal behavior)? - Answer- How animals decide when to metamorphose What is the key takeaway from this figure? From Lecture Quiz 10 - Answer- Male and female elk move into the forest when wolves are active What is the best definition of sexual selection? - Answer- When natural selection favors particular traits in one sex of species because individuals with that trait are more successful at reproducing Match the different causes of an animal's behavior to the ultimate/proximate categories -*Environmental stimulus the animal is responding to -#What the animal has learned over its lifetime -$The increase in fitness from performing the behavior -@The evolutionary history of the animal - Answer- -* Proximate -# Proximate -$ Ultimate -@ Ultimate Which mating system is expected to occur in each diagram? - Answer- Left: monogamy; right: polgyny Lecture 11 - Answer- Communities of Species What is an ecological community? - Answer- -All the species in an ecosystem feeding on a certain type of prey -All the species in an ecosystem -All the species in an ecosystem belonging to a particular taxonomic group What are the two components of species diversity? - Answer- Species richness and evenness of abundances Why is sufficient sampling effort so important to surveying species richness in nature? - Answer- Because most species in a community are rare, so inadequate sampling effort will miss many species What is a trophic level? - Answer- A group of species that eat similar prey and are eaten by similar predators What are indirect interactions in a food-web? - Answer- Where one species has an effect on another via its effect on a third species What is an example of a keystone species? - Answer- Sea otter What is the key message from this diagram? - Answer- Even though the two communities have the same number of species, Community B has higher diversity because the abundances of species are more even What was Darwin's hypothesis about the relationship between cats and pollination? - Answer- Because cats eat mice and mice eat bees, cats benefit plant pollination What is species composition and why does it matter to communities? - Answer- It is the specific species present and their relative abundances, which matter because communities with the same diversity can function very differently depending on which species are common or rare What is a foundational species? - Answer- Large or dominant species that influence the community through food or habitat provisioning Lecture 12 - Answer- Communities in Time What is succession (in an ecological context)? - Answer- The change in a community's species composition through time