BIO 148 Exam Questions With Verified Answers 100%

BIO 148 Exam Questions With Verified Answers 100% Which group is at a higher trophic level: herbivores or detritivores? - Answer- It depends on what the detritivores are eating. In what type of ecosystem can you find an inverted biomass pyramid? - Answer- Aquatic. What are the three components of trophic efficiency? - Answer- Consumption, assimilation, production. What is top-down forcing? - Answer- When energy flow and NPP in an ecosystem is determined by species interactions at higher trophic levels. What is a key determinant of the number of trophic levels in an ecosystem? - Answer- Ecosystem size. Which trophic level in an ecosystem's energy pyramid accounts for the most energy? - Answer- Primary producers. What is production efficiency? - Answer- The proportion of assimilated biomass used to produce new consumer biomass. If a species' preferred prey becomes extinct, what will happen to the predator's population size? - Answer- It will get smaller over time because the less nutritious prey reduces the predator's ability to survive and reproduce. What drives the population cycling of lynx and snowshoe hares? - Answer- All of the listed factors contribute. What is a parasitoid? - Answer- An animal that lays its eggs inside the body of another species. Which animals eat foods containing more nitrogen? - Answer- Carnivores. What is the difference between constitutive and inducible plant defenses against herbivores? - Answer- Constitutive defenses are always there, inducible defenses occur when herbivory happens. What is the purpose of mast seeding by plants? - Answer- To overwhelm seed predators and ensure some seeds survive. Under what circumstances does predation increase species richness in the prey community? - Answer- If the predator prefers to eat the prey that outcompetes the other prey. How does a bison's body size affect its interaction with wolves? - Answer- By being larger, it is harder to kill and therefore less vulnerable to wolves. If a prey population is small and a predator population is large, what could explain the decrease in both populations? - Answer- Prey can't reproduce fast enough to replace those killed; predators can't reproduce fast enough on small prey population to balance their death rate. At what level of disturbance is diversity expected to be highest? - Answer- Intermediate. What is the highest-level factor determining a species' presence in a community? - Answer- Its presence in the regional species pool. What is expected to be most important for species diversity in a community under low disturbance conditions? - Answer- Predation Under which circumstances are ecosystem functions generally greatest? - Answer- High species richness How can spatial variability of resources impact species richness? - Answer- It can increase it because it provides different combinations of resource levels How many species are threatened with extinction? - Answer- More than 42,100