NURSING ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE FOR THE
PROFESSION ALL CHAPTERS LEARNING
WORKBOOK 2026 FUNDAMENTALS OF
PATIENT CARE AND CLINICAL SKILLS
◉ goals of nursing research.
Answer: -improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics,
nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
◉ deductive reasoning.
Answer: examines a general idea and then considers specific actions
or ideas
◉ inductive reasoning.
Answer: one builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions
about general ideas
◉ health.
,Answer: a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being,
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
◉ illness.
Answer: the unique response of a person to a disease; an abnormal
process involving changed level of functioning
◉ wellness.
Answer: an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle
promoting good physical, mental, and emotional health
◉ nursing theory.
Answer: differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities
in that it serves the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting,
and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care practices
◉ evidence-based practice (EBP).
Answer: a problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions,
using the best evidence available; blends both science and art of
nursing so best outcomes are achieved; may consist of specific
nursing interventions or use guidelines established for the care of
patients
◉ steps in implementing EBP.
,Answer: Step 1: ask a question about a clinical area of interest or an
intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient
preferences, and values in making a decision to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
◉ human dimensions that compose the whole person.
Answer: physical, intellectual, environmental, spiritual,
sociocultural, and emotional
◉ acute illness.
Answer: rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time;
examples: cold, diarrhea, pneumonia, appendicitis
◉ chronic illness.
Answer: slow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused by
change in anatomy, requires special patient education, long period of
care or support; examples: heart disease, diabetes, lung diseases,
and arthritis
◉ stages-of-illness behaviors.
Answer: Stage 1: experiencing symptoms
, Stage 2: assuming the sick role
Stage 3: assuming a dependent role
Stage 4: achieving recovery and rehabilitation
◉ primary health promotion.
Answer: directed towards PROMOTING health and PREVENTING the
development of disease processes or injury; example: immunization
clinic, family planning services, accident prevention education
◉ secondary health promotion.
Answer: focus on SCREENING for early detection of disease with
prompt diagnosis and treatment of any found; example: assessing
children for normal growth and development and encourage regular
medical, dental and vision exams
◉ tertiary health promotion.
Answer: after an illness is diagnosed and treated;
example: teaching a patient with diabetes how to recognize and
prevent complications, refer woman to support group after removal
of breast due to cancer
◉ maslow hierarchy of needs.
PROFESSION ALL CHAPTERS LEARNING
WORKBOOK 2026 FUNDAMENTALS OF
PATIENT CARE AND CLINICAL SKILLS
◉ goals of nursing research.
Answer: -improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics,
nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
◉ deductive reasoning.
Answer: examines a general idea and then considers specific actions
or ideas
◉ inductive reasoning.
Answer: one builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions
about general ideas
◉ health.
,Answer: a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being,
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
◉ illness.
Answer: the unique response of a person to a disease; an abnormal
process involving changed level of functioning
◉ wellness.
Answer: an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle
promoting good physical, mental, and emotional health
◉ nursing theory.
Answer: differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities
in that it serves the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting,
and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care practices
◉ evidence-based practice (EBP).
Answer: a problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions,
using the best evidence available; blends both science and art of
nursing so best outcomes are achieved; may consist of specific
nursing interventions or use guidelines established for the care of
patients
◉ steps in implementing EBP.
,Answer: Step 1: ask a question about a clinical area of interest or an
intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient
preferences, and values in making a decision to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
◉ human dimensions that compose the whole person.
Answer: physical, intellectual, environmental, spiritual,
sociocultural, and emotional
◉ acute illness.
Answer: rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time;
examples: cold, diarrhea, pneumonia, appendicitis
◉ chronic illness.
Answer: slow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused by
change in anatomy, requires special patient education, long period of
care or support; examples: heart disease, diabetes, lung diseases,
and arthritis
◉ stages-of-illness behaviors.
Answer: Stage 1: experiencing symptoms
, Stage 2: assuming the sick role
Stage 3: assuming a dependent role
Stage 4: achieving recovery and rehabilitation
◉ primary health promotion.
Answer: directed towards PROMOTING health and PREVENTING the
development of disease processes or injury; example: immunization
clinic, family planning services, accident prevention education
◉ secondary health promotion.
Answer: focus on SCREENING for early detection of disease with
prompt diagnosis and treatment of any found; example: assessing
children for normal growth and development and encourage regular
medical, dental and vision exams
◉ tertiary health promotion.
Answer: after an illness is diagnosed and treated;
example: teaching a patient with diabetes how to recognize and
prevent complications, refer woman to support group after removal
of breast due to cancer
◉ maslow hierarchy of needs.
