Comprehensive Drugs for
Coagulation, Hematopoietic, and
Inflammation Disorders Exam Study
Guide with 100% Correct Answers.
Latest Updated 2026/2027 Guide.
Prophylaxis - ansPrevention
Thromboembolic events - ansDangerous blood clots->can cause deep vein thrombosis
(DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), stroke, or heart attack.
Immobility - ansLying still in bed too long
Vascular procedures/surgery - ansOperations involving blood vessels
DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis) - ansA clot in the leg
Pulmonary embolism - ansA clot in the lung
CKD/CRF - anschronic kidney or renal disease or failure
Chronic hypoxia - ansLow oxygen levels in blood or tissues
Pallor - ansunnatural paleness of skin due to low oxygen
Dyspnea - ansshortness of breath or trouble breathing
Neutropenia - ansabnormally low neutrophils (white blood cells, play crucial role in fighting
infection)
Cushing's syndrome - answeight gain, moon face, stretch marks
Optic neuritis - anscan cause vision changes
Neurotoxicity - ansdamage to nervous system -> can look like numbness/tingling in hand and
feet
HIT (Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia) - ansimmune system mistakenly attacks heparin, a
common blood thinner, leading to a decrease in platelets (thrombocytopenia)
INR (International Normalized Ratio) - ansused to check if blood-thinning medications are
working effectively and to assess the risk of bleeding or clotting.
PE (Pulmonary Embolism) - ansA clot travels to the lungs, blocking blood flow → can be
fatal
Stroke (Ischemic) - ansA clot travels to the brain and blocks blood flow → brain damage
MI (Heart Attack) - ansA clot blocks a coronary artery, cutting off blood to the heart
Peripheral arterial embolism - ansA clot blocks blood flow to an arm or leg, causing tissue
death
Atrial fibrillation - ansBlood pools in the heart → clots can form and travel
Surgery or trauma - ansEspecially orthopedic or vascular surgeries
Cancer - ansIncreases clotting tendency
Genetic clotting disorders - ansSome people are born with higher clotting risks
Anticoagulants - ansTo prevent or treat thromboembolic events by stopping clots from
forming, preventing existing clots from getting bigger, and reducing risk of clots traveling to
the lungs, brain, or heart.
Indirect Thrombin Inhibitor - ansHeparin
MOA (Mechanism of Action) - ansinhibits thrombin, preventing fibrinogen from converting
to fibrin -Does NOT dissolve clots, just prevents them from getting bigger
Indication for Heparin - ansprophylaxis for thromboembolic events from immobility or
vascular procedures/surgery; higher doses are used to treat confirmed embolic events such as
DVT and pulmonary emboli
,Comprehensive Drugs for
Coagulation, Hematopoietic, and
Inflammation Disorders Exam Study
Guide with 100% Correct Answers.
Latest Updated 2026/2027 Guide.
Side effect of Heparin - ansUnusual bruising
Adverse effect of Heparin - ansDangerous bleeding in GI or cerebral (in stomach or in brain).
HIT
Nursing responsibility for Heparin - ansCheck platelets (blood cells that help clot). Look at
IV site for problems (infiltration).
Contraindications for Heparin - ansDon't give if: You've had recent trauma, active bleeding,
or very high blood pressure (HTN).
Anticoagulant interactions - ansDo not take with NSAIDS and Antiplatelets -> can increase
bleeding risk
Herbal supplements affecting coagulation - anslike ginger, garlic, green tea, feverfew, ginkgo
-> so these should also be avoided b/c they can cause more bleeding
DVT - ansDeep vein thrombosis - a clot in the leg
PE - ansPulmonary embolism - a clot in the lung
Heparin - ansA medication used to prevent and treat blood clots.
Low-dose heparin - ansAdministered to prevent blood clots in patients at risk, such as those
recovering from surgery.
High-dose heparin - ansUsed to treat existing clots, such as in patients diagnosed with
pulmonary embolism.
Vitamin K Antagonist - ansA class of medications that prevent blood clot formation by
inhibiting vitamin K.
Warfarin - ansA vitamin K antagonist used to prevent blood clots in patients with atrial
fibrillation.
MOA of Warfarin - ansInhibits the action of vitamin K, preventing the synthesis of clotting
factors.
Long acting - ansRefers to warfarin's long half-life, allowing for sustained anticoagulation.
Route of Warfarin - ansAdministered orally (PO).
INR monitoring - ansA blood test to see how fast you clot, with a typical goal of 2.0-3.0.
Antidote for Warfarin - ansVitamin K is given if there is too much warfarin.
Contraindications for Warfarin - ansDo not give if pregnant, active bleeding, recent surgery
or trauma, severe liver disease, or uncontrolled hypertension.
Indications for Warfarin - ansUsed for atrial fibrillation, mechanical heart valves, history of
DVT or PE, and long-term anticoagulation needs.
Low Molecular Weight Heparin - ansIncludes enoxaparin [Lovenox] and dalteparin
[Fragmin], used to prevent new clots and stop existing clots from growing.
MOA of LMWH - ansBlocks part of the clotting process (factor X).
Route of LMWH - ansAdministered subcutaneously (SubQ) only.
Direct Thrombin Inhibitor - ansIncludes argatroban [Acova], used for patients with heparin
induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).
MOA of Argatroban - ansBinds to thrombin, preventing clot formation.
Nurse job for Warfarin - ansCheck platelet count and INR.
, Comprehensive Drugs for
Coagulation, Hematopoietic, and
Inflammation Disorders Exam Study
Guide with 100% Correct Answers.
Latest Updated 2026/2027 Guide.
Nurse job for LMWH - ansCheck platelets.
Nurse job for Argatroban - ansCheck PTT and IV site.
Watch out for - ansBruising, dangerous bleeding in GI or cerebral (in stomach or in brain)
with all anticoagulants.
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) - ansA rare, dangerous reaction to heparin where
platelets drop AND clotting increases.
Argatroban - ansSafely continues anticoagulation without worsening HIT.
Factor Xa Inhibitor - ansAn anticoagulant that directly inhibits factor Xa, a key enzyme in the
coagulation cascade.
Apixaban [Eliquis] - ansUsed for prophylaxis for stroke, DVT following knee or hip surgery,
treatment of DVT, and pulmonary embolism.
Rivaroxaban [Xarelto] - ansUsed for prophylaxis for stroke, DVT following knee or hip
surgery, treatment of DVT, and pulmonary embolism.
Fondaparinux [Arixtra] - ansUsed for prophylaxis for stroke, DVT following knee or hip
surgery, treatment of DVT, and pulmonary embolism.
MOA of Factor Xa Inhibitor - ansPrevent the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin → Stop
the formation of fibrin clots.
Black Box Warning for Factor Xa Inhibitors - ansAbrupt discontinuation can result in serious
ischemic events such as MI or stroke.
Indication for Factor Xa Inhibitors - ansPrevents strokes, especially in people with heart
rhythm problems.
Antiplatelet - ansA medication that prevents platelet aggregation.
Aspirin [ASA, acetylsalicylic acid] - ansInhibits platelet aggregation by inhibiting the COX-1
enzyme.
Indication for Aspirin - ansPrevents clot formation in arteries; prophylaxis for stroke or MI.
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) - ansAspirin is often used together with other antiplatelets
in patients after stent placement.
ADP Receptor Blocker - ansA class of drugs that inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking
adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor sites on thrombocytes.
Plavix [Clopidogrel] - ansAn ADP receptor blocker used to prevent heart attacks and strokes.
Clinical Example of Plavix - ansA 58-year-old man just had a coronary stent placed and is
started on Plavix and aspirin.
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors - ansInhibits platelet aggregation by blocking glycoprotein
IIb/IIIa proteins from adhering to each other.
abciximab [ReoPro] - ansA Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor given as IV infusion.
eptifibatide [Integrilin] - ansA Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor given as IV infusion.
tirofiban [Aggrastat] - ansA Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor given as IV infusion.
Why Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors are used - ansFor unstable angina or MI.
Nurse job for Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors - ansCheck platelets and ensure the patient has
3 large bore IV lines before giving.
Coagulation, Hematopoietic, and
Inflammation Disorders Exam Study
Guide with 100% Correct Answers.
Latest Updated 2026/2027 Guide.
Prophylaxis - ansPrevention
Thromboembolic events - ansDangerous blood clots->can cause deep vein thrombosis
(DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), stroke, or heart attack.
Immobility - ansLying still in bed too long
Vascular procedures/surgery - ansOperations involving blood vessels
DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis) - ansA clot in the leg
Pulmonary embolism - ansA clot in the lung
CKD/CRF - anschronic kidney or renal disease or failure
Chronic hypoxia - ansLow oxygen levels in blood or tissues
Pallor - ansunnatural paleness of skin due to low oxygen
Dyspnea - ansshortness of breath or trouble breathing
Neutropenia - ansabnormally low neutrophils (white blood cells, play crucial role in fighting
infection)
Cushing's syndrome - answeight gain, moon face, stretch marks
Optic neuritis - anscan cause vision changes
Neurotoxicity - ansdamage to nervous system -> can look like numbness/tingling in hand and
feet
HIT (Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia) - ansimmune system mistakenly attacks heparin, a
common blood thinner, leading to a decrease in platelets (thrombocytopenia)
INR (International Normalized Ratio) - ansused to check if blood-thinning medications are
working effectively and to assess the risk of bleeding or clotting.
PE (Pulmonary Embolism) - ansA clot travels to the lungs, blocking blood flow → can be
fatal
Stroke (Ischemic) - ansA clot travels to the brain and blocks blood flow → brain damage
MI (Heart Attack) - ansA clot blocks a coronary artery, cutting off blood to the heart
Peripheral arterial embolism - ansA clot blocks blood flow to an arm or leg, causing tissue
death
Atrial fibrillation - ansBlood pools in the heart → clots can form and travel
Surgery or trauma - ansEspecially orthopedic or vascular surgeries
Cancer - ansIncreases clotting tendency
Genetic clotting disorders - ansSome people are born with higher clotting risks
Anticoagulants - ansTo prevent or treat thromboembolic events by stopping clots from
forming, preventing existing clots from getting bigger, and reducing risk of clots traveling to
the lungs, brain, or heart.
Indirect Thrombin Inhibitor - ansHeparin
MOA (Mechanism of Action) - ansinhibits thrombin, preventing fibrinogen from converting
to fibrin -Does NOT dissolve clots, just prevents them from getting bigger
Indication for Heparin - ansprophylaxis for thromboembolic events from immobility or
vascular procedures/surgery; higher doses are used to treat confirmed embolic events such as
DVT and pulmonary emboli
,Comprehensive Drugs for
Coagulation, Hematopoietic, and
Inflammation Disorders Exam Study
Guide with 100% Correct Answers.
Latest Updated 2026/2027 Guide.
Side effect of Heparin - ansUnusual bruising
Adverse effect of Heparin - ansDangerous bleeding in GI or cerebral (in stomach or in brain).
HIT
Nursing responsibility for Heparin - ansCheck platelets (blood cells that help clot). Look at
IV site for problems (infiltration).
Contraindications for Heparin - ansDon't give if: You've had recent trauma, active bleeding,
or very high blood pressure (HTN).
Anticoagulant interactions - ansDo not take with NSAIDS and Antiplatelets -> can increase
bleeding risk
Herbal supplements affecting coagulation - anslike ginger, garlic, green tea, feverfew, ginkgo
-> so these should also be avoided b/c they can cause more bleeding
DVT - ansDeep vein thrombosis - a clot in the leg
PE - ansPulmonary embolism - a clot in the lung
Heparin - ansA medication used to prevent and treat blood clots.
Low-dose heparin - ansAdministered to prevent blood clots in patients at risk, such as those
recovering from surgery.
High-dose heparin - ansUsed to treat existing clots, such as in patients diagnosed with
pulmonary embolism.
Vitamin K Antagonist - ansA class of medications that prevent blood clot formation by
inhibiting vitamin K.
Warfarin - ansA vitamin K antagonist used to prevent blood clots in patients with atrial
fibrillation.
MOA of Warfarin - ansInhibits the action of vitamin K, preventing the synthesis of clotting
factors.
Long acting - ansRefers to warfarin's long half-life, allowing for sustained anticoagulation.
Route of Warfarin - ansAdministered orally (PO).
INR monitoring - ansA blood test to see how fast you clot, with a typical goal of 2.0-3.0.
Antidote for Warfarin - ansVitamin K is given if there is too much warfarin.
Contraindications for Warfarin - ansDo not give if pregnant, active bleeding, recent surgery
or trauma, severe liver disease, or uncontrolled hypertension.
Indications for Warfarin - ansUsed for atrial fibrillation, mechanical heart valves, history of
DVT or PE, and long-term anticoagulation needs.
Low Molecular Weight Heparin - ansIncludes enoxaparin [Lovenox] and dalteparin
[Fragmin], used to prevent new clots and stop existing clots from growing.
MOA of LMWH - ansBlocks part of the clotting process (factor X).
Route of LMWH - ansAdministered subcutaneously (SubQ) only.
Direct Thrombin Inhibitor - ansIncludes argatroban [Acova], used for patients with heparin
induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).
MOA of Argatroban - ansBinds to thrombin, preventing clot formation.
Nurse job for Warfarin - ansCheck platelet count and INR.
, Comprehensive Drugs for
Coagulation, Hematopoietic, and
Inflammation Disorders Exam Study
Guide with 100% Correct Answers.
Latest Updated 2026/2027 Guide.
Nurse job for LMWH - ansCheck platelets.
Nurse job for Argatroban - ansCheck PTT and IV site.
Watch out for - ansBruising, dangerous bleeding in GI or cerebral (in stomach or in brain)
with all anticoagulants.
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) - ansA rare, dangerous reaction to heparin where
platelets drop AND clotting increases.
Argatroban - ansSafely continues anticoagulation without worsening HIT.
Factor Xa Inhibitor - ansAn anticoagulant that directly inhibits factor Xa, a key enzyme in the
coagulation cascade.
Apixaban [Eliquis] - ansUsed for prophylaxis for stroke, DVT following knee or hip surgery,
treatment of DVT, and pulmonary embolism.
Rivaroxaban [Xarelto] - ansUsed for prophylaxis for stroke, DVT following knee or hip
surgery, treatment of DVT, and pulmonary embolism.
Fondaparinux [Arixtra] - ansUsed for prophylaxis for stroke, DVT following knee or hip
surgery, treatment of DVT, and pulmonary embolism.
MOA of Factor Xa Inhibitor - ansPrevent the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin → Stop
the formation of fibrin clots.
Black Box Warning for Factor Xa Inhibitors - ansAbrupt discontinuation can result in serious
ischemic events such as MI or stroke.
Indication for Factor Xa Inhibitors - ansPrevents strokes, especially in people with heart
rhythm problems.
Antiplatelet - ansA medication that prevents platelet aggregation.
Aspirin [ASA, acetylsalicylic acid] - ansInhibits platelet aggregation by inhibiting the COX-1
enzyme.
Indication for Aspirin - ansPrevents clot formation in arteries; prophylaxis for stroke or MI.
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) - ansAspirin is often used together with other antiplatelets
in patients after stent placement.
ADP Receptor Blocker - ansA class of drugs that inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking
adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor sites on thrombocytes.
Plavix [Clopidogrel] - ansAn ADP receptor blocker used to prevent heart attacks and strokes.
Clinical Example of Plavix - ansA 58-year-old man just had a coronary stent placed and is
started on Plavix and aspirin.
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors - ansInhibits platelet aggregation by blocking glycoprotein
IIb/IIIa proteins from adhering to each other.
abciximab [ReoPro] - ansA Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor given as IV infusion.
eptifibatide [Integrilin] - ansA Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor given as IV infusion.
tirofiban [Aggrastat] - ansA Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor given as IV infusion.
Why Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors are used - ansFor unstable angina or MI.
Nurse job for Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors - ansCheck platelets and ensure the patient has
3 large bore IV lines before giving.
