NASM FINAL EXAM 2026 TRAINING
SCRIPT SOLVED QUESTIONS
VERIFIED ANSWERS A+
◉ Scientific Method.
Answer: The process of formulating explanations about the natural
world and testing those explanations with experiments and data.
1. Identify a Problem
2. Formulate a hypothesis
3. Design a study to test the hypothesis
4. Collect data
5. Discard or change the hypothesis OR continue testing
◉ Evidence-Based Practice.
Answer: A three-pronged approach to working with clients, which
consists of making decisions based on the weight of the scientific
evidence, field observations, and individual client needs and preferences.
◉ Prediction.
Answer: An expected outcome generated from a hypothesis
◉ Theory.
Answer: A hypothesis or set of hypotheses for which a large body of
high-quality evidence has been accumulated.
,◉ Hierarchy of Evidence.
Answer: 1. Systematic Reviews
2. Randomized Controlled Trials
3. Observational Research
4. Peer Reviews
5. Non-Peer-Reviewed Media, including anecdotes
◉ Anecdote.
Answer: an account of a person's experience or event
◉ Uncontrolled Variable.
Answer: A variable in an experiment that a scientist makes no effort to
manipulate or account for.
◉ Primary Research.
Answer: Original research where scientists perform experiments and
collect data - this is in contrast to secondary research where scientists
analyze data that has already been collected or published elsewhere.
◉ Observational Research.
Answer: Research in which a researcher observes ongoing behaviors to
determine correlation.
,◉ Correlation.
Answer: A relationship between two or more variables.
◉ Randomized Control Trial (RCT).
Answer: A type of scientific study/trial where participants are randomly
assigned into different groups - one or more will be the intervention to
be tested and one will be the control group. Groups are randomized and
a control is used in an attempt to reduce potential bias in the trial.
◉ Independent Variable.
Answer: The variable scientists manipulate in an experiment.
◉ External Validity.
Answer: The ability to generalize the results of a study.
◉ Systematic Review.
Answer: A review where scientists systematically gather all research on
a topic and evaluate it based on predefined criteria and rules.
◉ Meta-Analysis.
Answer: A statistical analysis of a group of studies to assess the overall
weight of the evidence.
◉ Empirical.
, Answer: Based on observation or experience.
◉ Test-Retest Reliability.
Answer: The ability to get similar results when something is measured
under the same conditions.
◉ Reliability.
Answer: The consistency of a measure.
◉ Validity.
Answer: The assessment of whether a tool is measuring what it is
supposed to measure.
◉ Selection Bias.
Answer: A sample of people under study is not representative of the
larger population that scientists are looking to make inferences about.
◉ Retrospective.
Answer: Describes a study that looks backward in time.
◉ Recall Bias.
Answer: The inability to accurately remember past behaviors.
◉ Health.
SCRIPT SOLVED QUESTIONS
VERIFIED ANSWERS A+
◉ Scientific Method.
Answer: The process of formulating explanations about the natural
world and testing those explanations with experiments and data.
1. Identify a Problem
2. Formulate a hypothesis
3. Design a study to test the hypothesis
4. Collect data
5. Discard or change the hypothesis OR continue testing
◉ Evidence-Based Practice.
Answer: A three-pronged approach to working with clients, which
consists of making decisions based on the weight of the scientific
evidence, field observations, and individual client needs and preferences.
◉ Prediction.
Answer: An expected outcome generated from a hypothesis
◉ Theory.
Answer: A hypothesis or set of hypotheses for which a large body of
high-quality evidence has been accumulated.
,◉ Hierarchy of Evidence.
Answer: 1. Systematic Reviews
2. Randomized Controlled Trials
3. Observational Research
4. Peer Reviews
5. Non-Peer-Reviewed Media, including anecdotes
◉ Anecdote.
Answer: an account of a person's experience or event
◉ Uncontrolled Variable.
Answer: A variable in an experiment that a scientist makes no effort to
manipulate or account for.
◉ Primary Research.
Answer: Original research where scientists perform experiments and
collect data - this is in contrast to secondary research where scientists
analyze data that has already been collected or published elsewhere.
◉ Observational Research.
Answer: Research in which a researcher observes ongoing behaviors to
determine correlation.
,◉ Correlation.
Answer: A relationship between two or more variables.
◉ Randomized Control Trial (RCT).
Answer: A type of scientific study/trial where participants are randomly
assigned into different groups - one or more will be the intervention to
be tested and one will be the control group. Groups are randomized and
a control is used in an attempt to reduce potential bias in the trial.
◉ Independent Variable.
Answer: The variable scientists manipulate in an experiment.
◉ External Validity.
Answer: The ability to generalize the results of a study.
◉ Systematic Review.
Answer: A review where scientists systematically gather all research on
a topic and evaluate it based on predefined criteria and rules.
◉ Meta-Analysis.
Answer: A statistical analysis of a group of studies to assess the overall
weight of the evidence.
◉ Empirical.
, Answer: Based on observation or experience.
◉ Test-Retest Reliability.
Answer: The ability to get similar results when something is measured
under the same conditions.
◉ Reliability.
Answer: The consistency of a measure.
◉ Validity.
Answer: The assessment of whether a tool is measuring what it is
supposed to measure.
◉ Selection Bias.
Answer: A sample of people under study is not representative of the
larger population that scientists are looking to make inferences about.
◉ Retrospective.
Answer: Describes a study that looks backward in time.
◉ Recall Bias.
Answer: The inability to accurately remember past behaviors.
◉ Health.
