AQA A Level Biology Year 1am
2025/2026 | Verified Questions
with Correct Answers
What are monomers of carbohydrates called? -Answer--Monosaccharides.
Beta Glucose -Answer--
Alpha glucose -Answer--
Glucose formula -Answer--C₆H₁₂O₆
Name of the bond between monosaccharides? -Answer--Glycosidic bond.
What is sucrose made from? -Answer--Glucose and fructose.
What is lactose made from? -Answer--Glucose and galactose.
What is maltose made from? -Answer--Two alpha glucose.
Testing for reducing sugars? -Answer--Add Benedict's reagent (blue) and heat in a
water bath. If present: Green → yellow → orange → brick red
Test for non-reducing sugars? -Answer--Add dilute hydrochloric acid and boil,
neutralise with Sodium Hydrogencarbonate. Then do the Benedict's test - add
Benedicts reagent and heat.
What is the scientific name for the polymer of carbohydrates?
-Answer--Polysaccharides.
What is starch made of? -Answer--Starch is a mixture of two polysaccharides of
alpha glucose: Amylose and amylopectin.
,What is amylose? -Answer--A long, unbranched alpha glucose chain, joined by alpha
1,4 glycosidic bonds. It has a coiled shape which makes it compact and effective for
storage.
What is amylopectin? -Answer--A long, branched alpha glucose chain alpha 1,4 and
alpha 1,6 glycosidic bonds. The side branches mean that enzymes can get to and
hydrolyse glycosidic bonds faster so glucose can be released quickly.
What is glycogen? -Answer--A polysaccharide of alpha glucose with a similar
structure to starch except it is more branched (alpha 1,4 and alpha 1,6 glycosidic
bonds), allowing even faster energy release. It is also very compact.
What is cellulose? -Answer--it is made of long, straight chains of beta glucose joined
by beta 1,4 glycosidic bonds. The chains are linked by hydrogen bonds to form
microfibrils, a strong fibre. The strong fibres allow it to provide structural support in
cells as cell walls.
How to test for starch. -Answer--Add iodine. Positive result: Turns blue-black.
Negative result: stays browny-orange.
Which of proteins, polysaccharides and lipids are not a polymer. -Answer--Lipids.
What are triglycerides made of? -Answer--Glycerol and fatty acids.
What causes lipids to be insoluble in water? -Answer--The hydrophobic fatty acid
tails.
What is the structure of a fatty acid? -Answer--
What do double bonds cause in fatty acids? -Answer--A kink in the chain.
Triglyceride formation? -Answer--
What are phospholipids? -Answer--Similar to triglycerides, but one of the fatty acid
tails is replaced by a phosphate group head.
Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic and which part is hydrophobic?
-Answer--The phosphate group is hydrophilic and the fatty acid tail is hydrophobic.
What are triglycerides mainly used for? -Answer--To store energy, they are effective
at this as the hydrocarbon tails contain a lot of energy. They are also insoluble so do
not affect the water potential of cells, preventing swelling.
, How much energy do lipids contain compared to carbohydrates? -Answer--Twice as
much energy per gram.
Why do triglycerides bundle together in water? -Answer--The fatty acid tails are
hydrophobic so face inwards, so are shielded by the glycerol heads.
What role do phospholipids perform? -Answer--They make up the bilayer in cell
membranes.
Test for lipids? -Answer--The emulsion test: Shake substance with ethanol and pour
into water. A white emulsion forms if it is present.
What are proteins made of? -Answer--Amino acids.
What is the bond between amino acids called? -Answer--Peptide bond.
Amino acid structure. -Answer--Amino group, variable group, carboxyl group.
What is a primary structure? -Answer--Polypeptide chain.
What is a secondary structure? -Answer--Polypeptide chain twists into alpha helix or
folds into beta pleated sheet held by hydrogen bonds.
What is a tertiary structure? -Answer--Chain coils further, forming hydrogen bonds,
ionic bonds and disulphide bonds.
When do disulphide bridges form? -Answer--When the sulphur atoms on the R group
of certain amino acids form covalent bonds.
What is a Quaternary structure -Answer--More than one polypeptide chain
Test for protein? -Answer--Biuret test. Add a few drops of biuret reagent (Sodium
Hydroxide, then add copper sulphate). Purple positive. Blue negative.
What is formed when substrates bind to enzymes? -Answer--Enzyme-substrate
complex.
What does DNA stand for? -Answer--Deoxyribonucleic acid.
What does RNA stand for? -Answer--Ribonucleic acid.
Nucleotide structure. -Answer--
2025/2026 | Verified Questions
with Correct Answers
What are monomers of carbohydrates called? -Answer--Monosaccharides.
Beta Glucose -Answer--
Alpha glucose -Answer--
Glucose formula -Answer--C₆H₁₂O₆
Name of the bond between monosaccharides? -Answer--Glycosidic bond.
What is sucrose made from? -Answer--Glucose and fructose.
What is lactose made from? -Answer--Glucose and galactose.
What is maltose made from? -Answer--Two alpha glucose.
Testing for reducing sugars? -Answer--Add Benedict's reagent (blue) and heat in a
water bath. If present: Green → yellow → orange → brick red
Test for non-reducing sugars? -Answer--Add dilute hydrochloric acid and boil,
neutralise with Sodium Hydrogencarbonate. Then do the Benedict's test - add
Benedicts reagent and heat.
What is the scientific name for the polymer of carbohydrates?
-Answer--Polysaccharides.
What is starch made of? -Answer--Starch is a mixture of two polysaccharides of
alpha glucose: Amylose and amylopectin.
,What is amylose? -Answer--A long, unbranched alpha glucose chain, joined by alpha
1,4 glycosidic bonds. It has a coiled shape which makes it compact and effective for
storage.
What is amylopectin? -Answer--A long, branched alpha glucose chain alpha 1,4 and
alpha 1,6 glycosidic bonds. The side branches mean that enzymes can get to and
hydrolyse glycosidic bonds faster so glucose can be released quickly.
What is glycogen? -Answer--A polysaccharide of alpha glucose with a similar
structure to starch except it is more branched (alpha 1,4 and alpha 1,6 glycosidic
bonds), allowing even faster energy release. It is also very compact.
What is cellulose? -Answer--it is made of long, straight chains of beta glucose joined
by beta 1,4 glycosidic bonds. The chains are linked by hydrogen bonds to form
microfibrils, a strong fibre. The strong fibres allow it to provide structural support in
cells as cell walls.
How to test for starch. -Answer--Add iodine. Positive result: Turns blue-black.
Negative result: stays browny-orange.
Which of proteins, polysaccharides and lipids are not a polymer. -Answer--Lipids.
What are triglycerides made of? -Answer--Glycerol and fatty acids.
What causes lipids to be insoluble in water? -Answer--The hydrophobic fatty acid
tails.
What is the structure of a fatty acid? -Answer--
What do double bonds cause in fatty acids? -Answer--A kink in the chain.
Triglyceride formation? -Answer--
What are phospholipids? -Answer--Similar to triglycerides, but one of the fatty acid
tails is replaced by a phosphate group head.
Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic and which part is hydrophobic?
-Answer--The phosphate group is hydrophilic and the fatty acid tail is hydrophobic.
What are triglycerides mainly used for? -Answer--To store energy, they are effective
at this as the hydrocarbon tails contain a lot of energy. They are also insoluble so do
not affect the water potential of cells, preventing swelling.
, How much energy do lipids contain compared to carbohydrates? -Answer--Twice as
much energy per gram.
Why do triglycerides bundle together in water? -Answer--The fatty acid tails are
hydrophobic so face inwards, so are shielded by the glycerol heads.
What role do phospholipids perform? -Answer--They make up the bilayer in cell
membranes.
Test for lipids? -Answer--The emulsion test: Shake substance with ethanol and pour
into water. A white emulsion forms if it is present.
What are proteins made of? -Answer--Amino acids.
What is the bond between amino acids called? -Answer--Peptide bond.
Amino acid structure. -Answer--Amino group, variable group, carboxyl group.
What is a primary structure? -Answer--Polypeptide chain.
What is a secondary structure? -Answer--Polypeptide chain twists into alpha helix or
folds into beta pleated sheet held by hydrogen bonds.
What is a tertiary structure? -Answer--Chain coils further, forming hydrogen bonds,
ionic bonds and disulphide bonds.
When do disulphide bridges form? -Answer--When the sulphur atoms on the R group
of certain amino acids form covalent bonds.
What is a Quaternary structure -Answer--More than one polypeptide chain
Test for protein? -Answer--Biuret test. Add a few drops of biuret reagent (Sodium
Hydroxide, then add copper sulphate). Purple positive. Blue negative.
What is formed when substrates bind to enzymes? -Answer--Enzyme-substrate
complex.
What does DNA stand for? -Answer--Deoxyribonucleic acid.
What does RNA stand for? -Answer--Ribonucleic acid.
Nucleotide structure. -Answer--
