MED-SURG EXAM 2 JERSEY COLLEGE
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
VERIFIED.
Angina could be triggered by ? - ANS eating a heavy meal
Exp: blood shunted to the GI area which decreases blood availability to the myocardium
locations of chest pain? - ANS typically felt behind the sternum and may radiate to:neck, jaw,
shoulders, and along the inner aspect of the left arm.
what is the classic finding of angina? - ANS it is relieved with rest or nitroglycerine
Pt. education for nitroglycerin? - ANS 1. keep in a dark bottle
2.renew every 6 months
3.place under tongue, never swallowed
4. can take every 5 minutes x 3 doses
5. call 911 after the first dose if pain is not relieved
decrease in cardiac output, expect the pulse to be? - ANS weak, thready pulse
signs of hypokalemia? - ANS muscle weakness
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 52
,fatigue
muscle cramps
constipation
inverted T waves and a U wave on ekg
metabolic syndrome increases the risk of? - ANS heart disease
spironolactone is a potassium sparing diuretic that could? - ANS potentiate fluid and
electrolyte imbalances ( if given with potassium supplements, hyperkalemia can occur)
how do bet-blockers work? end in -olol - ANS decreases heart rate and blood pressure. mask
the signs of hypoglycemia or worsen asthma because of bronchoconstriction
why should you avoid discontinuing anti-hypertensives medications abruptly? - ANS increase
risk for rebound hypertension
ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (ARBs) increase the risk of? -
ANS hyperkalemia
ACE inhibitors, how do they work? ends in -pril - ANS stop angiotensin 1 from converting to
angiotensin 2 (powerful vasoconstrictor) thereby lowering total peripheral vascular resistance
and blood pressure
How to take a proper blood pressure reading? - ANS instruct pt. to not eat or drink for 30
mins
support arm at heart level
make sure both feet are flat on the floor
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 52
,the target organs affected by long standing hypertension? - ANS retinopathy
neuropathy
nephropathy
decrease in output could cause what? - ANS decrease in tissue perfusion which results in
organ failure
Following a pulmonary artery pressure reading you should deflate the balloon. Why? - ANS to
restore the blood flow through the pulmonary artery
Straining with bowel movements is not good because? - ANS it triggers the valsalva
maneuver which increases intrathoracic pressure decreasing the venous blood flow to the heart
and results in decrease cardiac output.
change patients position slowly to prebent? - ANS orthostatic hypotension
Low central venous pressure levels could suggests? - ANS could suggest dehydration or
overdiuresis
increase central venous pressure could suggest? - ANS heart failure
increase central venous pressure provides a measurement of what? - ANS measurement of
the volume of blood that returned to the right side of the heart (2-6 mm Hg)
Hemodynamic monitoring is performed where? - ANS in ICU and allows for direct cardiac
monitoring
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 52
, homocysteine - ANS damage the endothelial lining of the arteries
increase risk for thrombus formation and lead to stroke, CAD, and peripheral artery disease
the radiology procedure ECHOCARDIOGRAM shows what about the heart? - ANS direction of
blood flow
heart shape and size
ventricular function
ejection fraction
the purpose of a cardiac stress test? - ANS to determine the hearts ability to respond to
increase oxygen demand
this protein triggers sodium excretion and a decrease in volume? - ANS Brain Natriuretic
Peptide (BNP)
these protein levels increase as ventricular pressure increase in order to rid the body of excess
fluid? - ANS Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
BNP level greater than _____ suggests what? - ANS BNP levels greater than 100 suggest heart
failure
contrast medium is contraindicated in what type of patients? - ANS patients who are allergic
to iodine, shellfish or seafood
patients who are pregnant or has elevated creatinine levels
contrast medium is? - ANS nephrotoxic
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 4 OF 52
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
VERIFIED.
Angina could be triggered by ? - ANS eating a heavy meal
Exp: blood shunted to the GI area which decreases blood availability to the myocardium
locations of chest pain? - ANS typically felt behind the sternum and may radiate to:neck, jaw,
shoulders, and along the inner aspect of the left arm.
what is the classic finding of angina? - ANS it is relieved with rest or nitroglycerine
Pt. education for nitroglycerin? - ANS 1. keep in a dark bottle
2.renew every 6 months
3.place under tongue, never swallowed
4. can take every 5 minutes x 3 doses
5. call 911 after the first dose if pain is not relieved
decrease in cardiac output, expect the pulse to be? - ANS weak, thready pulse
signs of hypokalemia? - ANS muscle weakness
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 52
,fatigue
muscle cramps
constipation
inverted T waves and a U wave on ekg
metabolic syndrome increases the risk of? - ANS heart disease
spironolactone is a potassium sparing diuretic that could? - ANS potentiate fluid and
electrolyte imbalances ( if given with potassium supplements, hyperkalemia can occur)
how do bet-blockers work? end in -olol - ANS decreases heart rate and blood pressure. mask
the signs of hypoglycemia or worsen asthma because of bronchoconstriction
why should you avoid discontinuing anti-hypertensives medications abruptly? - ANS increase
risk for rebound hypertension
ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (ARBs) increase the risk of? -
ANS hyperkalemia
ACE inhibitors, how do they work? ends in -pril - ANS stop angiotensin 1 from converting to
angiotensin 2 (powerful vasoconstrictor) thereby lowering total peripheral vascular resistance
and blood pressure
How to take a proper blood pressure reading? - ANS instruct pt. to not eat or drink for 30
mins
support arm at heart level
make sure both feet are flat on the floor
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 52
,the target organs affected by long standing hypertension? - ANS retinopathy
neuropathy
nephropathy
decrease in output could cause what? - ANS decrease in tissue perfusion which results in
organ failure
Following a pulmonary artery pressure reading you should deflate the balloon. Why? - ANS to
restore the blood flow through the pulmonary artery
Straining with bowel movements is not good because? - ANS it triggers the valsalva
maneuver which increases intrathoracic pressure decreasing the venous blood flow to the heart
and results in decrease cardiac output.
change patients position slowly to prebent? - ANS orthostatic hypotension
Low central venous pressure levels could suggests? - ANS could suggest dehydration or
overdiuresis
increase central venous pressure could suggest? - ANS heart failure
increase central venous pressure provides a measurement of what? - ANS measurement of
the volume of blood that returned to the right side of the heart (2-6 mm Hg)
Hemodynamic monitoring is performed where? - ANS in ICU and allows for direct cardiac
monitoring
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 52
, homocysteine - ANS damage the endothelial lining of the arteries
increase risk for thrombus formation and lead to stroke, CAD, and peripheral artery disease
the radiology procedure ECHOCARDIOGRAM shows what about the heart? - ANS direction of
blood flow
heart shape and size
ventricular function
ejection fraction
the purpose of a cardiac stress test? - ANS to determine the hearts ability to respond to
increase oxygen demand
this protein triggers sodium excretion and a decrease in volume? - ANS Brain Natriuretic
Peptide (BNP)
these protein levels increase as ventricular pressure increase in order to rid the body of excess
fluid? - ANS Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
BNP level greater than _____ suggests what? - ANS BNP levels greater than 100 suggest heart
failure
contrast medium is contraindicated in what type of patients? - ANS patients who are allergic
to iodine, shellfish or seafood
patients who are pregnant or has elevated creatinine levels
contrast medium is? - ANS nephrotoxic
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 4 OF 52
