ECS2606 EXAM PACK 2025 - QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

ECS2606 EXAM PACK 2025 - QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS Chemical structure of cellulose when wet). CH2OH (remember paper absorbs water and loses strength cellophane (clear glossy overwrap used to wrap bouquet) What "plastic" comes from wood? (it is really actually transparent paper) Mechanical (grandwood) least expensive for 2 reasons 1)doesnt use chemicals 2)Uses ALL of the wood low brightness and strength (one way to make pulp) Chemical Pulp (one way to make pulp) 1)sulfate (kraft) --most widely used (german word for strength 2) sulfite 3)soda higher quality than mechanical pulp Semi-chemical(one way to make pulp) cook wood in chemicals grind in disc refiner not used much except for corrugated media Solid Bleached sulfate (SBS) •Kraft board, good for printing •white clay on both sides. •hygiene industry uses this all the time. Papermaking •start with pulp-fibers suspended in water. •machinery is large. •web width: 30 ft. •production: 800 miles/day Four Drinier (type of paper making machine) for paper or paperboard Cylinder (type of paper making machine) paperboard only Procedure for paper making process Screen, Squeeze, Dry Calendering •paper run through stack of rollers •increases density and smoothness •important for strength and print quality Paper/paperboard specifications •basis weight - lbs/square feet •paper: lbs/ 3000 square feet •paperboard: lbs/1000 square feet ream 500 sheets thickness •measured and expressed in inches for paper •measured in inches but expressed as points for paperboard. advantages of paper •renewable •recyclable •inexpensive •easily printed upon disadvantages of paper •loses strength when wet •combustible Paperboard •prone to moisture and oxygen •used for folding cartons Types of paperboard •clay coated newsback •solid bleached sulfate (medical industry) uses for paperboard •cereal boxes •cake mix boxes Three basic design styles of paperboard 2) Tray (beers, brightwood, walker) 3) hybrid (milk carton, ice-cream) Layout •Computer art and design •die board (cylinder or flat) •coordinate with graphics electronically folding paperboard •edge lock •tongue lock 1) Tube (straight tuck, seal in) •Brightwood tray, flat, and assembled (sweater box) Solid Fiberboard •several plies of paperboard laminated together •uses: distribution packaging. - shipping containers - dividers (think of wine box dividers) - corner supports. Basic construction of Corrugated Paperboard •corrugated medium (flutes). •A, B, C, E, and F flutes (E and F are tiny corrugation). •linerboard. •single face, single wall, double wall, and triple wall. linerboard comes in different basis weights specified with burst or edge crush tests. Distance between flutes, height between boards, type of linerboard. What distinguishes types of corrugated board? Design •CAD •specifications of freight •product requirements •shipping/storage/handling conditions •must account for scoring allowances •flutes should be oriented parallel to depth dimension for best stacking strength. Scoring allowance A, B, and C flutes -shipping boxes amount of material taken up in the fold (score), related to the thickness. uses for ____________________ double and triple wall. -point of purchasing displays E and F flutes uses for ____________ -retail boxes for small appliances and some fast food. Mullen Burst Test Edge crush test compressive load pushes down on box Flat crush test compressive load on both sides of box Box maker certificate round label on corrugated boxes. molded pulp another way we can use pulp thats not paper Packaging •a protective unit for storing or shipping a commodity. •coordinated system of preparing goods for transportation, distribution, storage, retailing, and use of goods. •Clemson definition: a field that involves the use of materials, methods, and machinery, to develop and produce the packages that protect and preserve. Materials, methods, machinery Earliest Packaging •ancient days •containment (barrel of wine) Three M's of packaging •woven grass baskets, shells, animal hides and skins, wooden bowls from natural resources.