WGU C477 - Nursing Care of
Children OA Study Guide| Updated 2026
What nursing interventions should be undertaken for a patient with cryptochordism found
in newborn
care?
-------
What nursing interventions should be undertaken for an outpatient admission to treat
cryptochordism? -
answer-> refer to pediatrician or pediatric urologist.
> Consider the possibility of virilization from congenital adrenal hyperplasia in infants with
bilateral
undescended testes.
-------
> Pain control
> Discharge education
> Follow-up appointment arranged
What condition does the following describe?
> the pylorus muscles thicken and block food from entering the small intestine
> Babies with this may seem constantly hungry - answer-Pyloric Stenosis
What condition would be suspected when finding the following upon assessment?
> Forceful, progressive, nonbilious vomiting after each feeding
> Onset of vomiting from the first week of life to 5 months of age
> Vomiting becomes projectile over time
> Observation of peristaltic waves from left to right before vomiting occurs
> Eventual dehydration with decrease in serum chloride
> Male sex (4:1)
> Poor weight gain
> Failure to thrive (FTT)
> metabolic alkalosis
> Jaundice in 2% to 5% of cases - answer-Pyloric Stenosis
What condition should be suspected if an infant has diarrhea, weight loss, or failure to
thrive? - answer-
,Urinary Tract Infection
What unusual symptom may accompany a UTI in children? - answer-Vomiting
Urinary tract infections are common in children with what chronic condition, due to the
presence of a
neurogenic bladder? - answer-Spina bifida
What condition would be suspected when finding the following upon assessment?
> Fever (temperature above 38.3°C [100.9°F])
> Vomiting
> Abdominal pain
> Flank pain
> Back pain
> Dysuria (painful urination)
> Frequency (urinating at frequent intervals not associated with increased volume)
> Urgency (an unstoppable urge to urinate)
> Hematuria (blood in the urine)
> Jaundice
> Poor oral intake
> Hyper- or hypothermia
> Failure to thrive - answer-Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
What condition would be suspected when finding the following upon assessment?
> arthritis
> Facial nerve paralysis
> neurological symptoms
> meningitis
> radiculopathy
> myopericarditis - answer-Lyme Disease (these are late stage symptoms)
What condition would be suspected when finding the following upon assessment?
> large, circular rash with central clearing (erythema migrans)
> fever
> headache
> aching
> satellite rash - answer-Lyme Disease
What diagnostics may be used to identify Lyme disease?
,"W", "E", "I" times 3 - answer-> White blood cell increase
> Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Increase
> IgM Positive
> IgG Increase
> Immunoassay
What two types of spray should be used to lower the chances of catching Lyme disease? -
answer->
Permethrin
> DEET
What diagnostic should be performed if a child presents with facial nerve paralysis or other
neurological
symptoms and Lyme disease is suspected? - answer-Lumbar puncture to determine the
presence of
Lyme disease in the cerebrospinal fluid
What medication is the first line treatment for Lyme disease? - answer-Rocephin
(ceftriaxone)
What teaching should be given regarding the use of DEET? - answer-> Spray onto hands and
rub onto
child's skin (DO NOT spray children)
> Do not apply to child's hands
> Do not apply to infants 2 months or younger
> Use DEET once daily
> Wash DEET off once done outside
> 10% lasts 2 hours, 30% lasts 5
True or False: Doxycycline can be used to treat Lyme disease in children under 8. - answer-
False: though
doxycycline can be used on children over 8, amoxicillin or cefuroxime can be used for
younger children
How should ticks be removed from the skin? - answer-Don gloves (or some barrier) and use
tweezers to
remove the tick, avoiding direct skin-to-skin contact with the tick. If parts of the tick remain
in the skin,
soak the skin and remove the remainder like a splinter.
What symptoms would be expected in a child experiencing dehydration? - answer->
, Tachycardia
> Tachypnea
> Sunken eyes
> Depressed fontanels
> Dry mucous membranes
> Poor skin turgor
> Lack of tears
> Dark or scant urine
> Lightheaded
> Lethargy
True or False: In the absence of any fluid replacement in a dehydrated patient, serum
sodium rises,
which can cause hypernatremia. - answer-True
How should rehydration take place for a pediatric client with gastroenteritis? - answer->
Start with 1
tablespoon of fluid every 15 minutes for 1 hour, then 1 oz of fluid.
> Every half hour, give Pedialyte, water, popsicles, or oral rehydration solution.
> After several hours of retaining fluid, the patient may have clear broth and several
saltines.
> If patient starts to vomit, then stop fluids and start over.
> If only diarrhea, provide brief period of rest from intake, then start fluids.
What are they two types of nosebleeds, and what blood vessels are most often implicated in
each?
-------
Which tends to result in more blood loss? - answer-> Anterior, Kiesselbach's Plexus
> Posterior, Woodruff's Plexus
-------
Posterior
How should a minor anterior nosebleed be treated? - answer-> Have patient blow out any
clots in their
nose
> Apply direct pressure to the distal half of the nose while the patient tilts their head
FORWARD (avoid
tilting backward)
> Apply pressure for at least 5 and up to 20 minutes
> Phenylephrine or oxymetazoline (vasoconstrictors) can be used to reduce blood flow
What is the preferred second-line (escalated) treatment for a nosebleed?
Children OA Study Guide| Updated 2026
What nursing interventions should be undertaken for a patient with cryptochordism found
in newborn
care?
-------
What nursing interventions should be undertaken for an outpatient admission to treat
cryptochordism? -
answer-> refer to pediatrician or pediatric urologist.
> Consider the possibility of virilization from congenital adrenal hyperplasia in infants with
bilateral
undescended testes.
-------
> Pain control
> Discharge education
> Follow-up appointment arranged
What condition does the following describe?
> the pylorus muscles thicken and block food from entering the small intestine
> Babies with this may seem constantly hungry - answer-Pyloric Stenosis
What condition would be suspected when finding the following upon assessment?
> Forceful, progressive, nonbilious vomiting after each feeding
> Onset of vomiting from the first week of life to 5 months of age
> Vomiting becomes projectile over time
> Observation of peristaltic waves from left to right before vomiting occurs
> Eventual dehydration with decrease in serum chloride
> Male sex (4:1)
> Poor weight gain
> Failure to thrive (FTT)
> metabolic alkalosis
> Jaundice in 2% to 5% of cases - answer-Pyloric Stenosis
What condition should be suspected if an infant has diarrhea, weight loss, or failure to
thrive? - answer-
,Urinary Tract Infection
What unusual symptom may accompany a UTI in children? - answer-Vomiting
Urinary tract infections are common in children with what chronic condition, due to the
presence of a
neurogenic bladder? - answer-Spina bifida
What condition would be suspected when finding the following upon assessment?
> Fever (temperature above 38.3°C [100.9°F])
> Vomiting
> Abdominal pain
> Flank pain
> Back pain
> Dysuria (painful urination)
> Frequency (urinating at frequent intervals not associated with increased volume)
> Urgency (an unstoppable urge to urinate)
> Hematuria (blood in the urine)
> Jaundice
> Poor oral intake
> Hyper- or hypothermia
> Failure to thrive - answer-Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
What condition would be suspected when finding the following upon assessment?
> arthritis
> Facial nerve paralysis
> neurological symptoms
> meningitis
> radiculopathy
> myopericarditis - answer-Lyme Disease (these are late stage symptoms)
What condition would be suspected when finding the following upon assessment?
> large, circular rash with central clearing (erythema migrans)
> fever
> headache
> aching
> satellite rash - answer-Lyme Disease
What diagnostics may be used to identify Lyme disease?
,"W", "E", "I" times 3 - answer-> White blood cell increase
> Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Increase
> IgM Positive
> IgG Increase
> Immunoassay
What two types of spray should be used to lower the chances of catching Lyme disease? -
answer->
Permethrin
> DEET
What diagnostic should be performed if a child presents with facial nerve paralysis or other
neurological
symptoms and Lyme disease is suspected? - answer-Lumbar puncture to determine the
presence of
Lyme disease in the cerebrospinal fluid
What medication is the first line treatment for Lyme disease? - answer-Rocephin
(ceftriaxone)
What teaching should be given regarding the use of DEET? - answer-> Spray onto hands and
rub onto
child's skin (DO NOT spray children)
> Do not apply to child's hands
> Do not apply to infants 2 months or younger
> Use DEET once daily
> Wash DEET off once done outside
> 10% lasts 2 hours, 30% lasts 5
True or False: Doxycycline can be used to treat Lyme disease in children under 8. - answer-
False: though
doxycycline can be used on children over 8, amoxicillin or cefuroxime can be used for
younger children
How should ticks be removed from the skin? - answer-Don gloves (or some barrier) and use
tweezers to
remove the tick, avoiding direct skin-to-skin contact with the tick. If parts of the tick remain
in the skin,
soak the skin and remove the remainder like a splinter.
What symptoms would be expected in a child experiencing dehydration? - answer->
, Tachycardia
> Tachypnea
> Sunken eyes
> Depressed fontanels
> Dry mucous membranes
> Poor skin turgor
> Lack of tears
> Dark or scant urine
> Lightheaded
> Lethargy
True or False: In the absence of any fluid replacement in a dehydrated patient, serum
sodium rises,
which can cause hypernatremia. - answer-True
How should rehydration take place for a pediatric client with gastroenteritis? - answer->
Start with 1
tablespoon of fluid every 15 minutes for 1 hour, then 1 oz of fluid.
> Every half hour, give Pedialyte, water, popsicles, or oral rehydration solution.
> After several hours of retaining fluid, the patient may have clear broth and several
saltines.
> If patient starts to vomit, then stop fluids and start over.
> If only diarrhea, provide brief period of rest from intake, then start fluids.
What are they two types of nosebleeds, and what blood vessels are most often implicated in
each?
-------
Which tends to result in more blood loss? - answer-> Anterior, Kiesselbach's Plexus
> Posterior, Woodruff's Plexus
-------
Posterior
How should a minor anterior nosebleed be treated? - answer-> Have patient blow out any
clots in their
nose
> Apply direct pressure to the distal half of the nose while the patient tilts their head
FORWARD (avoid
tilting backward)
> Apply pressure for at least 5 and up to 20 minutes
> Phenylephrine or oxymetazoline (vasoconstrictors) can be used to reduce blood flow
What is the preferred second-line (escalated) treatment for a nosebleed?
