NSG 252 FINAL EXAM | QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT WELL
DETAILED ANSWERS | LATEST 2025/2026 | GUARANTEED
PASS | A+
1. Who is credited with improving hospital sanitation and establishing a training school for nurses at St.
Thomas Hospital in London?
- A) Clara Barton
- B) Lavinia Dock
- C) Florence Nightingale
- D) Lilian Wald
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Florence Nightingale (1820–1910) is the founder of modern nursing, known as "The Lady with
the Lamp." She demonstrated the link between poor sanitation and disease such as cholera and
dysentery, pioneered the use of statistical data in healthcare, and established the first secular nursing
school at St. Thomas’ Hospital in 1860. Her work dramatically reduced mortality rates and elevated
nursing to a respected profession.
2. Which theorist developed the "Novice to Expert" model of skill acquisition in nursing?
- A) Florence Nightingale
- B) Dorothea Orem
- C) Patricia Benner
- D) Jean Watson
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patricia Benner’s "Novice to Expert" theory (1984) describes five levels of nursing proficiency:
novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert. This model emphasizes that practical
experience and clinical wisdom are as essential as theoretical knowledge. Benner’s work is foundational
to understanding how nurses develop clinical judgment.
,3. A nurse demonstrates "expert power" when they:
- A) Use a close personal relationship to influence a patient.
- B) Threaten a patient with a negative consequence.
- C) Administer a reward for positive behavior.
- D) Use specialized knowledge and clinical skills to guide patient care decisions.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Expert power is derived from having superior knowledge, skill, and expertise. Nurses exert
expert power when they use their clinical judgment and evidence‑based knowledge to influence patient
outcomes. The other options describe referent, coercive, and reward power, respectively.
4. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which patient problem should the nurse address FIRST?
- A) Low self‑esteem related to body image disturbance.
- B) Ineffective breathing pattern related to pneumonia.
- C) Social isolation related to lack of family visitors.
- D) Lack of knowledge about diabetes management.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Maslow’s hierarchy prioritizes physiological needs (air, water, food, warmth, rest) as the most
basic and essential for survival. An ineffective breathing pattern threatens oxygenation and must be
addressed immediately before higher‑level needs such as safety, love/belonging, esteem, or
self‑actualization.
5. A nurse is using the acronym ADPIE. What does the "I" stand for?
- A) Investigation
- B) Implementation
,- C) Intervention
- D) Integration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ADPIE represents the six phases of the nursing process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning,
Implementation, and Evaluation. Implementation is the step where the nurse carries out the
interventions identified during the planning phase, including direct patient care, medication
administration, and coordinating care activities.
6. Which level of health care is considered the most specialized and usually provided in a hospital setting
for complex conditions?
- A) Primary Care
- B) Secondary Care
- C) Tertiary Care
- D) Restorative Care
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tertiary care is specialized consultative care, often provided in a hospital or academic medical
center for patients with complex, severe, or rare conditions. It involves high‑technology interventions,
such as cardiac surgery, neurosurgery, burn treatment, and intensive care. Primary care is the first point
of contact; secondary care is referral services; restorative care includes rehabilitation.
7. The QSEN initiative focuses on preparing future nurses to continuously improve quality and safety.
QSEN stands for:
- A) Quality and Safety Education for Nurses
- B) Quantitative Safety in Emergency Nursing
- C) Quality and Security of Extraordinary Nurses
- D) Quantifiable Safety Education for New Nurses
Correct Answer: A
, Rationale: QSEN (Quality and Safety Education for Nurses) addresses the challenge of preparing nurses
with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) necessary to improve the quality and safety of
healthcare systems. The six competencies are patient‑centered care, teamwork and collaboration,
evidence‑based practice, quality improvement, safety, and informatics.
8. A nurse provides patient education about self‑administration of insulin. According to the nursing
process, this activity occurs during which phase?
- A) Assessment
- B) Diagnosis
- C) Implementation
- D) Evaluation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Implementation is the phase of the nursing process in which the nurse executes the planned
interventions. Patient education about medication management is a direct care intervention that helps
achieve the desired outcomes. It is distinct from assessment (data collection), diagnosis (analysis), and
evaluation (measuring goal achievement).
9. During which phase of the nursing process does the nurse collect subjective and objective data?
- A) Planning
- B) Assessment
- C) Diagnosis
- D) Evaluation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Assessment, the first step of the nursing process, involves collecting, organizing, validating,
and documenting patient data. Subjective data come from what the patient states (symptoms), while
objective data are measurable (vital signs, physical examination findings). Accurate assessment is the
foundation for all subsequent nursing actions.
DETAILED ANSWERS | LATEST 2025/2026 | GUARANTEED
PASS | A+
1. Who is credited with improving hospital sanitation and establishing a training school for nurses at St.
Thomas Hospital in London?
- A) Clara Barton
- B) Lavinia Dock
- C) Florence Nightingale
- D) Lilian Wald
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Florence Nightingale (1820–1910) is the founder of modern nursing, known as "The Lady with
the Lamp." She demonstrated the link between poor sanitation and disease such as cholera and
dysentery, pioneered the use of statistical data in healthcare, and established the first secular nursing
school at St. Thomas’ Hospital in 1860. Her work dramatically reduced mortality rates and elevated
nursing to a respected profession.
2. Which theorist developed the "Novice to Expert" model of skill acquisition in nursing?
- A) Florence Nightingale
- B) Dorothea Orem
- C) Patricia Benner
- D) Jean Watson
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patricia Benner’s "Novice to Expert" theory (1984) describes five levels of nursing proficiency:
novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert. This model emphasizes that practical
experience and clinical wisdom are as essential as theoretical knowledge. Benner’s work is foundational
to understanding how nurses develop clinical judgment.
,3. A nurse demonstrates "expert power" when they:
- A) Use a close personal relationship to influence a patient.
- B) Threaten a patient with a negative consequence.
- C) Administer a reward for positive behavior.
- D) Use specialized knowledge and clinical skills to guide patient care decisions.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Expert power is derived from having superior knowledge, skill, and expertise. Nurses exert
expert power when they use their clinical judgment and evidence‑based knowledge to influence patient
outcomes. The other options describe referent, coercive, and reward power, respectively.
4. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which patient problem should the nurse address FIRST?
- A) Low self‑esteem related to body image disturbance.
- B) Ineffective breathing pattern related to pneumonia.
- C) Social isolation related to lack of family visitors.
- D) Lack of knowledge about diabetes management.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Maslow’s hierarchy prioritizes physiological needs (air, water, food, warmth, rest) as the most
basic and essential for survival. An ineffective breathing pattern threatens oxygenation and must be
addressed immediately before higher‑level needs such as safety, love/belonging, esteem, or
self‑actualization.
5. A nurse is using the acronym ADPIE. What does the "I" stand for?
- A) Investigation
- B) Implementation
,- C) Intervention
- D) Integration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ADPIE represents the six phases of the nursing process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning,
Implementation, and Evaluation. Implementation is the step where the nurse carries out the
interventions identified during the planning phase, including direct patient care, medication
administration, and coordinating care activities.
6. Which level of health care is considered the most specialized and usually provided in a hospital setting
for complex conditions?
- A) Primary Care
- B) Secondary Care
- C) Tertiary Care
- D) Restorative Care
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tertiary care is specialized consultative care, often provided in a hospital or academic medical
center for patients with complex, severe, or rare conditions. It involves high‑technology interventions,
such as cardiac surgery, neurosurgery, burn treatment, and intensive care. Primary care is the first point
of contact; secondary care is referral services; restorative care includes rehabilitation.
7. The QSEN initiative focuses on preparing future nurses to continuously improve quality and safety.
QSEN stands for:
- A) Quality and Safety Education for Nurses
- B) Quantitative Safety in Emergency Nursing
- C) Quality and Security of Extraordinary Nurses
- D) Quantifiable Safety Education for New Nurses
Correct Answer: A
, Rationale: QSEN (Quality and Safety Education for Nurses) addresses the challenge of preparing nurses
with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) necessary to improve the quality and safety of
healthcare systems. The six competencies are patient‑centered care, teamwork and collaboration,
evidence‑based practice, quality improvement, safety, and informatics.
8. A nurse provides patient education about self‑administration of insulin. According to the nursing
process, this activity occurs during which phase?
- A) Assessment
- B) Diagnosis
- C) Implementation
- D) Evaluation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Implementation is the phase of the nursing process in which the nurse executes the planned
interventions. Patient education about medication management is a direct care intervention that helps
achieve the desired outcomes. It is distinct from assessment (data collection), diagnosis (analysis), and
evaluation (measuring goal achievement).
9. During which phase of the nursing process does the nurse collect subjective and objective data?
- A) Planning
- B) Assessment
- C) Diagnosis
- D) Evaluation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Assessment, the first step of the nursing process, involves collecting, organizing, validating,
and documenting patient data. Subjective data come from what the patient states (symptoms), while
objective data are measurable (vital signs, physical examination findings). Accurate assessment is the
foundation for all subsequent nursing actions.
