RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 REVIEW PACK BUNDLED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS

RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
REVIEW PACK BUNDLED QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS

●● PaCO2 range.
Answer: 35-45


●● HCO3 range.
Answer: 22-26


●● changes in CO2 excretion.
Answer: respiratory


●● changes in HCO3 excretion or retention.
Answer: metabolic


●● Causes of respiratory acidosis.
Answer: Hypoventilation
Sleep apnea
CNS depressants (opioid, alcohol, benzos)
Impaired gas exchange: pneumonia, pulmonary edema, COPD, asthma

,●● Clinical manifestations of respiratory acidosis.
Answer: Rapid, shallow respirations
Drowsiness, dizziness, disorientation
Headache
Hyperkalemia


●● Causes of respiratory alkalosis.
Answer: Prolonged hyperventilation is most common


●● Clinical manifestations of respiratory alkalosis.
Answer: Seizures
Tachycardia
Numb/tingling extremities
Lethargy
Confusion


●● Causes of metabolic acidosis.
Answer: Severe diarrhea
Renal Failure
Shock
Cardiac arrest
Diabetic ketoacidosis

, Changes in potassium levels
*Watch for seizure activity*


●● Clinical Manifestations of metabolic acidosis.
Answer: Hyperkalemia
Hypotension
Shock
Coma


●● Causes of metabolic alkalosis.
Answer: Excessive vomiting
Excessive NG suction (stomach pump)


●● Clinical manifestations of metabolic alkalosis.
Answer: Tremors/muscle cramps
Tingling fingers/toes
Vomiting/nausea
Restlessness followed by lethargy


●● Potassium range and main function.
Answer: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Electrical conduction in heart