RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM SCRIPT 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
●● _________Can be a mild, transient irritation, or it cab be a severe
ulceration with hemorrhage.
Answer: Acute Gastritis
●● _________ Usually develops suddenly and is likely to be
accompanied by nausea and epigastric pain.
Answer: Acute Gastritis
●● _________ Gastritis develops gradually..
Answer: Chronic Gastritis
●● Gastritis can be further categorized as erosive or nonerosive.
Answer: Chronic Gastritis
●● Symptoms of: Anorexia, nausea & vomiting, postprandial
discomfort, and hematemesis..
Answer: Acute Gastritis
,●● Symptoms of: May be asymptomatic, but usually accompanied by a
dull epigastric pain and a sensation of fullness after minimal intake..
Answer: Chronic Gastritis
●● Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, usually because of an
infection or allergic reaction.
Answer: Gastroenteritis
●● Usually due to primary inflammatory disease such as crohns disease.
Answer: Chronic Gastroenteritis
●● Commonly due to direct infection such as salmonella from raw or
undercooked chicken or eggs.
Answer: Acute Gastroenteritis
●● Signs & Symptoms: Diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, pain, nausea,
and vomiting.
Answer: Gastroenteritis
●● Most common cause of chronic gastritis.
Answer: Helicobacter pylori
,●● Embeds itself in the mucous layer, activating toxins and enzymes
that cause inflammation. Genetic vulnerability and lifestyle behaviors
(smoking and stress) may increase the susceptibility.
Answer: Helicobacter pylori
●● Other causes of?: Organisms transmitted though food and water
contamination, long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,
excessive alcohol use, severe stress, autoimmune conditions, and other
chronic disease.
Answer: Gastritis
●● Complications of?: Peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and hemorrhage.
Answer: Chronic Gastritis
●● Manifestations of?: Include indigestion, heartburn, epigastric pain,
abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fever, and malaise.
Hematemesis and dark, tarry stools can indicate ulceration and
bleeding..
Answer: Gastritis
●● Chyme periodically backs up from the stomach into the esophagus.
Bile can also back up into the esophagus..
Answer: GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
, ●● These gastric secretions irritate the esophageal mucosa.
Answer: GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
●● Causes of?: certain foods (e.g., chocolate, caffeine, carbonated
beverages, citrus fruit, tomatoes, spicy or fatty foods, and peppermint),
alcohol consumption, nicotine, hiatal hernia, obesity, pregnancy, certain
medications (e.g., corticosteroids, beta blockers, calcium-channel
blockers, and anticholinergics), nasogastric intubation, and delayed
gastric emptying.
Answer: GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
●● Manifestations of?: heartburn, epigastric pain (usually after a meal or
when recombinant), dysphagia, dry cough, laryngitis, pharyngitis,
regurgitation of food, and sensation of a lump in the throat..
Answer: GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
●● Complications of?: esophagitis, strictures, ulcerations, esophageal
cancer, and chronic pulmonary disease.
Answer: GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
●● Often confused with angina and may warrant ruling out cardiac
disease.
Answer: GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM SCRIPT 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
●● _________Can be a mild, transient irritation, or it cab be a severe
ulceration with hemorrhage.
Answer: Acute Gastritis
●● _________ Usually develops suddenly and is likely to be
accompanied by nausea and epigastric pain.
Answer: Acute Gastritis
●● _________ Gastritis develops gradually..
Answer: Chronic Gastritis
●● Gastritis can be further categorized as erosive or nonerosive.
Answer: Chronic Gastritis
●● Symptoms of: Anorexia, nausea & vomiting, postprandial
discomfort, and hematemesis..
Answer: Acute Gastritis
,●● Symptoms of: May be asymptomatic, but usually accompanied by a
dull epigastric pain and a sensation of fullness after minimal intake..
Answer: Chronic Gastritis
●● Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, usually because of an
infection or allergic reaction.
Answer: Gastroenteritis
●● Usually due to primary inflammatory disease such as crohns disease.
Answer: Chronic Gastroenteritis
●● Commonly due to direct infection such as salmonella from raw or
undercooked chicken or eggs.
Answer: Acute Gastroenteritis
●● Signs & Symptoms: Diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, pain, nausea,
and vomiting.
Answer: Gastroenteritis
●● Most common cause of chronic gastritis.
Answer: Helicobacter pylori
,●● Embeds itself in the mucous layer, activating toxins and enzymes
that cause inflammation. Genetic vulnerability and lifestyle behaviors
(smoking and stress) may increase the susceptibility.
Answer: Helicobacter pylori
●● Other causes of?: Organisms transmitted though food and water
contamination, long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,
excessive alcohol use, severe stress, autoimmune conditions, and other
chronic disease.
Answer: Gastritis
●● Complications of?: Peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and hemorrhage.
Answer: Chronic Gastritis
●● Manifestations of?: Include indigestion, heartburn, epigastric pain,
abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fever, and malaise.
Hematemesis and dark, tarry stools can indicate ulceration and
bleeding..
Answer: Gastritis
●● Chyme periodically backs up from the stomach into the esophagus.
Bile can also back up into the esophagus..
Answer: GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
, ●● These gastric secretions irritate the esophageal mucosa.
Answer: GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
●● Causes of?: certain foods (e.g., chocolate, caffeine, carbonated
beverages, citrus fruit, tomatoes, spicy or fatty foods, and peppermint),
alcohol consumption, nicotine, hiatal hernia, obesity, pregnancy, certain
medications (e.g., corticosteroids, beta blockers, calcium-channel
blockers, and anticholinergics), nasogastric intubation, and delayed
gastric emptying.
Answer: GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
●● Manifestations of?: heartburn, epigastric pain (usually after a meal or
when recombinant), dysphagia, dry cough, laryngitis, pharyngitis,
regurgitation of food, and sensation of a lump in the throat..
Answer: GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
●● Complications of?: esophagitis, strictures, ulcerations, esophageal
cancer, and chronic pulmonary disease.
Answer: GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
●● Often confused with angina and may warrant ruling out cardiac
disease.
Answer: GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
