microbiology EXAM A+ GRADE ASSURED COMPLETE SOLUTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS

EXAM

Exam Solution
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Microbiology Exam 3 2026 A+ GRADE ASSURED COMPL ms ms ms ms ms ms ms




ETE SOLUTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (D76BA)
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QUESTION 1 ms




What are some of the general properties of viruses?
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ANSWER

Obligate intracellular parasites (must live inside the cell) of all living things, ultra-
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microscopic size, not cellular in nature, inactive macromolecules outside the host cell and are only a
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ctive when inside host cells, acellular
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QUESTION 2 ms




Describe the capsid of a virus.
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ANSWER

Protein coat that protects the nucleic acid
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QUESTION 3 ms




Describe the nucleic acid portion of a virus.
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ANSWER

Carries genes necessary to invade host cells and redirect cell's activity to make new viruses
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QUESTION 4 ms




Describe the envelope of a virus.
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ANSWER

Surrounds the capsid, made of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates
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,QUESTION 5 ms




Describe envelope spikes. ms ms




ANSWER

Exposed proteins on the outside of the envelope that are essential for attachment of the virus to the
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host cell
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QUESTION 6 ms




Describe the lock and key method of spikes and envelopes of viruses .
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ANSWER

Keys: on the virus; spikes ---Capsid- Has capsid spikes ---Envelope-
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Has envelope spikes Locks: on the host cell; receptors on host cell membrane
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QUESTION 7 ms




Which parts of a virus do all viruses possess?
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ANSWER

Nucleic acids, capsid, envelope/capsid spikes
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QUESTION 8 ms




Which parts of a virus do only some viruses possess?
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ANSWER

Envelope



QUESTION 9 ms




What does host range and specificity mean as it pertains to viruses?
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ANSWER

- Depends on what keys the virus has (very specific). -
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Lock and key (receptors on host cell and spikes) is between the virus and the host cell membrane.
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- Virus collides with host cell and absorbs specifically to receptor sites on the membrane
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QUESTION 10 ms




Describe the taxonomy of viruses.
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ANSWER

,Classification based on type of nucleic acid, strategy for replication, and morphology.
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QUESTION 11 ms




What does the family name for viruses end in?
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ANSWER

-viridae



QUESTION 12 ms




What do the genus and species name for viruses end in?
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ANSWER

-Virus



QUESTION 13 ms




How are subspecies of viruses designated?
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ANSWER

By numbers
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QUESTION 14 ms




What determines which cells a virus can infect?
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ANSWER

The lock and key attachment between a virus and the host cell membrane (receptors)
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QUESTION 15 ms




What occurs during the lysogenic cycle of virus replication of a bacteriophage?
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ANSWER

The infected bacterium does not immediately produce viruses but may do so sometime in the future
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QUESTION 16 ms




What is a prophage?
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ANSWER

, Bacteria cell that carries viral DNA in its genome
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QUESTION 17 ms




List the steps of the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage.
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ANSWER

Adsorption(attachment), penetration, biosynthesis, maturation, release
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QUESTION 18 ms




What occurs in the adsorption (attachment) phase of the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage
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?
ANSWER

The phage attaches to the host cell's surface receptors
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QUESTION 19 ms




What occurs in the penetration phase of the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage?
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ANSWER

Phage penetrates the host cell and injects its nucleic acid (DNA). Only the genome enters
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QUESTION 20 ms




What occurs in the biosynthesis phase of the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage?
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ANSWER

The phage DNA directs the synthesis of viral components by the host cell (viral protein and nucleic
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acid synthesis)
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QUESTION 21 ms




What occurs in the maturation phase of the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage?
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ANSWER

Viral components are assembled into virions (mature viral particle)
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QUESTION 22 ms




What occurs in the release phase of the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage?
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