JERSEY COLLEGE MEDSURG 1 RN FINAL EXAM 2026/2027
LATEST UPDATE
200 VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | GRADED A+
SECTION 1: MODIFIABLE AND NON-MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS (Qs 1–10)
1. Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
- A) Age
- B) Gender
- C) Smoking
- D) Genetics
Answer: C
Smoking is a modifiable risk factor. Age, gender, and genetics are non‑modifiable.
2. A nurse is educating a patient about modifiable risk factors for stroke. Which statement by the patient
indicates understanding?
- A) "Since my father had a stroke, I will definitely have one too."
- B) "Controlling my blood pressure can lower my risk of stroke."
- C) "There is nothing I can do to change my risk factors."
- D) "My age is the most important risk factor I can change."
Answer: B
Hypertension is a modifiable risk factor for stroke. Family history, genetics, and age are non‑modifiable.
3. Which factor is considered non‑modifiable when assessing a patient's risk for chronic disease?
- A) Weight
- B) Diet
,- C) Genetics
- D) Exercise habits
Answer: C
Genetics is a non‑modifiable risk factor. Weight, diet, and exercise habits can be modified through
lifestyle changes.
4. A 45‑year‑old patient asks about risk factors for developing Type 2 diabetes. Which statement should
the nurse include?
- A) "If you are overweight, this is something you can change to lower your risk."
- B) "Your risk is determined solely by your family history."
- C) "Only older adults develop Type 2 diabetes."
- D) "There are no effective ways to reduce your risk."
Answer: A
Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for Type 2 diabetes. Patients should be encouraged to maintain a
healthy weight through diet and exercise.
5. A patient wants to reduce her risk of osteoporosis. Which modifiable risk factor should the nurse
address?
- A) Female gender
- B) Family history
- C) Low calcium intake
- D) Advanced age
Answer: C
Low calcium intake is a modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis. Gender, family history, and age are
non‑modifiable.
6. The nurse is teaching a community health class about modifiable versus non‑modifiable risk factors.
Which risk factor should the nurse classify as modifiable?
,- A) Race
- B) Cholesterol level
- C) Gender
- D) Age
Answer: B
Cholesterol level is a modifiable risk factor that can be improved with diet, exercise, and medication.
Race, gender, and age are non‑modifiable.
7. Which patient is demonstrating understanding of non‑modifiable risk factors?
- A) "I can change my family history by exercising more."
- B) "My risk for heart disease is influenced by my age and gender."
- C) "If I stop smoking, I can change my genetics."
- D) "Only lifestyle choices affect my health."
Answer: B
Age and gender are non‑modifiable risk factors. The patient correctly identifies factors that cannot be
changed. Family history, age, and gender are not alterable through lifestyle changes.
8. A nurse is assessing a patient's risk for hypertension. Which factor is considered modifiable?
- A) Ethnicity
- B) Sodium intake
- C) Age
- D) Family history
Answer: B
Sodium intake is a modifiable risk factor for hypertension. Ethnicity, age, and family history are
non‑modifiable.
9. Which statement about modifiable risk factors is correct?
, - A) They are determined solely by genetics.
- B) They cannot be changed despite lifestyle modifications.
- C) They can be altered through behavior changes and medical treatment.
- D) They include age and gender.
Answer: C
Modifiable risk factors are those that can be changed through lifestyle modifications, medications, or
other interventions. Examples include smoking, diet, exercise, and blood pressure control.
10. A patient with a strong family history of breast cancer asks about risk reduction. Which response by
the nurse is most appropriate?
- A) "Since your risk is genetic, nothing you do will make a difference."
- B) "Focus on modifiable factors like maintaining a healthy weight and limiting alcohol."
- C) "You will definitely develop breast cancer because of your family history."
- D) "Only preventive surgery can reduce your risk."
Answer: B
Even with non‑modifiable genetic risk factors, patients can reduce overall risk by addressing modifiable
factors such as weight management, alcohol intake, and physical activity.
SECTION 2: MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS PRIORITIES (Qs 11–20)
11. According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which need must be met first?
- A) Self‑actualization
- B) Esteem
- C) Physiological
- D) Belongingness
LATEST UPDATE
200 VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | GRADED A+
SECTION 1: MODIFIABLE AND NON-MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS (Qs 1–10)
1. Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
- A) Age
- B) Gender
- C) Smoking
- D) Genetics
Answer: C
Smoking is a modifiable risk factor. Age, gender, and genetics are non‑modifiable.
2. A nurse is educating a patient about modifiable risk factors for stroke. Which statement by the patient
indicates understanding?
- A) "Since my father had a stroke, I will definitely have one too."
- B) "Controlling my blood pressure can lower my risk of stroke."
- C) "There is nothing I can do to change my risk factors."
- D) "My age is the most important risk factor I can change."
Answer: B
Hypertension is a modifiable risk factor for stroke. Family history, genetics, and age are non‑modifiable.
3. Which factor is considered non‑modifiable when assessing a patient's risk for chronic disease?
- A) Weight
- B) Diet
,- C) Genetics
- D) Exercise habits
Answer: C
Genetics is a non‑modifiable risk factor. Weight, diet, and exercise habits can be modified through
lifestyle changes.
4. A 45‑year‑old patient asks about risk factors for developing Type 2 diabetes. Which statement should
the nurse include?
- A) "If you are overweight, this is something you can change to lower your risk."
- B) "Your risk is determined solely by your family history."
- C) "Only older adults develop Type 2 diabetes."
- D) "There are no effective ways to reduce your risk."
Answer: A
Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for Type 2 diabetes. Patients should be encouraged to maintain a
healthy weight through diet and exercise.
5. A patient wants to reduce her risk of osteoporosis. Which modifiable risk factor should the nurse
address?
- A) Female gender
- B) Family history
- C) Low calcium intake
- D) Advanced age
Answer: C
Low calcium intake is a modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis. Gender, family history, and age are
non‑modifiable.
6. The nurse is teaching a community health class about modifiable versus non‑modifiable risk factors.
Which risk factor should the nurse classify as modifiable?
,- A) Race
- B) Cholesterol level
- C) Gender
- D) Age
Answer: B
Cholesterol level is a modifiable risk factor that can be improved with diet, exercise, and medication.
Race, gender, and age are non‑modifiable.
7. Which patient is demonstrating understanding of non‑modifiable risk factors?
- A) "I can change my family history by exercising more."
- B) "My risk for heart disease is influenced by my age and gender."
- C) "If I stop smoking, I can change my genetics."
- D) "Only lifestyle choices affect my health."
Answer: B
Age and gender are non‑modifiable risk factors. The patient correctly identifies factors that cannot be
changed. Family history, age, and gender are not alterable through lifestyle changes.
8. A nurse is assessing a patient's risk for hypertension. Which factor is considered modifiable?
- A) Ethnicity
- B) Sodium intake
- C) Age
- D) Family history
Answer: B
Sodium intake is a modifiable risk factor for hypertension. Ethnicity, age, and family history are
non‑modifiable.
9. Which statement about modifiable risk factors is correct?
, - A) They are determined solely by genetics.
- B) They cannot be changed despite lifestyle modifications.
- C) They can be altered through behavior changes and medical treatment.
- D) They include age and gender.
Answer: C
Modifiable risk factors are those that can be changed through lifestyle modifications, medications, or
other interventions. Examples include smoking, diet, exercise, and blood pressure control.
10. A patient with a strong family history of breast cancer asks about risk reduction. Which response by
the nurse is most appropriate?
- A) "Since your risk is genetic, nothing you do will make a difference."
- B) "Focus on modifiable factors like maintaining a healthy weight and limiting alcohol."
- C) "You will definitely develop breast cancer because of your family history."
- D) "Only preventive surgery can reduce your risk."
Answer: B
Even with non‑modifiable genetic risk factors, patients can reduce overall risk by addressing modifiable
factors such as weight management, alcohol intake, and physical activity.
SECTION 2: MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS PRIORITIES (Qs 11–20)
11. According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which need must be met first?
- A) Self‑actualization
- B) Esteem
- C) Physiological
- D) Belongingness
