HESI ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM (2026 EdITION)||
QuESTIONS ANd ANSwErS wITH rATIONALES/GrAdEd A+/2026
uPdATE/100% COrrECT /INSTANT dOwNLOAd
Section A: Cellular & Chemical Level (Questions 1-10)
1. Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production through aerobic
respiration?
a) Ribosome
b) Golgi apparatus
c) Mitochondrion
d) Lysosome
Answer: c) Mitochondrion
rATIONALE: Mitochondria contain cristae (folded inner membrane) and matrix,
which house the electron transport chain and enzymes for the Krebs cycle,
enabling ATP synthesis through aerobic respiration.
---
2. Which of the following best describes the function of a ribosome?
a) Lipid synthesis
b) Protein synthesis
, c) DNA replication
d) ATP production
Answer: b) Protein synthesis
rATIONALE: Ribosomes translate messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide
chains, a process called protein synthesis. They may be free in the cytoplasm or
attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum.
---
3. The sodium-potassium pump moves Na+ and K+ across the plasma
membrane. Which statement is correct?
a) 3 Na+ out, 2 K+ in, using passive diffusion
b) 3 Na+ out, 2 K+ in, using ATP
c) 2 Na+ out, 3 K+ in, using ATP
d) 3 Na+ in, 2 K+ out, using facilitated diffusion
Answer: b) 3 Na+ out, 2 K+ in, using ATP
rATIONALE: The sodium-potassium pump is an active transport mechanism that
uses ATP to move three sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions into
the cell, maintaining electrochemical gradients.
---
4. The fluid mosaic model describes the structure of which cellular component?
a) Nucleus
QuESTIONS ANd ANSwErS wITH rATIONALES/GrAdEd A+/2026
uPdATE/100% COrrECT /INSTANT dOwNLOAd
Section A: Cellular & Chemical Level (Questions 1-10)
1. Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production through aerobic
respiration?
a) Ribosome
b) Golgi apparatus
c) Mitochondrion
d) Lysosome
Answer: c) Mitochondrion
rATIONALE: Mitochondria contain cristae (folded inner membrane) and matrix,
which house the electron transport chain and enzymes for the Krebs cycle,
enabling ATP synthesis through aerobic respiration.
---
2. Which of the following best describes the function of a ribosome?
a) Lipid synthesis
b) Protein synthesis
, c) DNA replication
d) ATP production
Answer: b) Protein synthesis
rATIONALE: Ribosomes translate messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide
chains, a process called protein synthesis. They may be free in the cytoplasm or
attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum.
---
3. The sodium-potassium pump moves Na+ and K+ across the plasma
membrane. Which statement is correct?
a) 3 Na+ out, 2 K+ in, using passive diffusion
b) 3 Na+ out, 2 K+ in, using ATP
c) 2 Na+ out, 3 K+ in, using ATP
d) 3 Na+ in, 2 K+ out, using facilitated diffusion
Answer: b) 3 Na+ out, 2 K+ in, using ATP
rATIONALE: The sodium-potassium pump is an active transport mechanism that
uses ATP to move three sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions into
the cell, maintaining electrochemical gradients.
---
4. The fluid mosaic model describes the structure of which cellular component?
a) Nucleus
