ASU BIO 181 Exam 1 Question and
Answer 2026/2027 | A+ Verified
Updated
• Primitive prokaryote cell evolved into_________ -✓✓pro-eukaryotic cell
• Eukaryote -✓✓single celled organism
• Paramecium -✓✓distant ancestor of our cells, limited by # of biomolecular machines
within itself
• What does a paramecium use cilia for? -✓✓to move
• What was the precursor to our kidneys? -✓✓contractile vacuole
• SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy) -✓✓cannot view living cells
• What can parameciums o as a defense technique against predators? -✓✓they can
shed their cilia
• Cells "walk" with ______ and ________ -✓✓lamelipodium an fillapodium
• How do you distinguish the front and the back of the cell? -✓✓the front has
lamelipodium and filapodium, the back has retraction fibers
• Focus -✓✓clump of cancer cells
• Phase Contrast Microscopy -✓✓can watch living cells move, light microscopy
• Retraction Fiber -✓✓the first lamelipodia, stretches until it breaks and then releases
cytoplasm and is reabsorbed into the cell
• How can a cell stretch their parts so extensively? -✓✓elasticity and the plasma
membrane
• Normal cells are anchorage-_______________ -✓✓dependent
• Cancer cells are anchorage-________________ -✓✓independent
• Anchorage-dependent -✓✓uses contact inhibition to stop growth
, • Anchorage-indepedent -✓✓will keep growing forever given fresh nutrients and space
• Limitations of Cell Culture technique -✓✓1) not all cells will grow in a culture
2) cells lose their histotype in vivoshape and 3d structure of tissue is changed
3)metabolism likely changes
• Controlled Experiment -✓✓scientists manipulate only one of the variables/factors
being tested
• Comparative Experiment -✓✓data is gathered from different sources and is not
manipulated and other variables are held constant
• Cell size is limited by________ -✓✓the diffusion of gas and nutrients/waste
• What does an extant version of a prokaryotic cell have? -✓✓cytoplasm, ribosomes,
nucleoid, plasma membrane, cell wall and capsule
• Endomembrane theory -✓✓an infolded plasma membrane attached to a chromosome
in an ancestral prokaryote may have led to formation of plasma membrane. endocytosis
would have needed to occur
• What was the advantage of losing the cell wall? -✓✓allowed for flexibility of the cell
• What is the cytoskeleton composed of? -✓✓actin microtubules
• Do we know where the cytoskeleton came from? -✓✓NO. genes encoded not found in
bacteria or archaea
• The first true eukaryote likely possessed: -✓✓1) cytoskeleton
2)nuclear envelope
3) may have had an associated endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus
4)one or more flagella possibly
• What did the endosymbiotic theory develop? -✓✓Mitochondria and chloroplasts
• Peroxisomes -✓✓organelles capable of disarming toxic products of oxygen such as
hydrogen peroxide
• Approximately when did the first cells form on earth? -✓✓3.5 billion years ago
• What are the major differences in plant eukaryotic cells? -✓✓cell wall, chloroplasts and
a large vacuole
• What % water are we? -✓✓50-70%
Answer 2026/2027 | A+ Verified
Updated
• Primitive prokaryote cell evolved into_________ -✓✓pro-eukaryotic cell
• Eukaryote -✓✓single celled organism
• Paramecium -✓✓distant ancestor of our cells, limited by # of biomolecular machines
within itself
• What does a paramecium use cilia for? -✓✓to move
• What was the precursor to our kidneys? -✓✓contractile vacuole
• SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy) -✓✓cannot view living cells
• What can parameciums o as a defense technique against predators? -✓✓they can
shed their cilia
• Cells "walk" with ______ and ________ -✓✓lamelipodium an fillapodium
• How do you distinguish the front and the back of the cell? -✓✓the front has
lamelipodium and filapodium, the back has retraction fibers
• Focus -✓✓clump of cancer cells
• Phase Contrast Microscopy -✓✓can watch living cells move, light microscopy
• Retraction Fiber -✓✓the first lamelipodia, stretches until it breaks and then releases
cytoplasm and is reabsorbed into the cell
• How can a cell stretch their parts so extensively? -✓✓elasticity and the plasma
membrane
• Normal cells are anchorage-_______________ -✓✓dependent
• Cancer cells are anchorage-________________ -✓✓independent
• Anchorage-dependent -✓✓uses contact inhibition to stop growth
, • Anchorage-indepedent -✓✓will keep growing forever given fresh nutrients and space
• Limitations of Cell Culture technique -✓✓1) not all cells will grow in a culture
2) cells lose their histotype in vivoshape and 3d structure of tissue is changed
3)metabolism likely changes
• Controlled Experiment -✓✓scientists manipulate only one of the variables/factors
being tested
• Comparative Experiment -✓✓data is gathered from different sources and is not
manipulated and other variables are held constant
• Cell size is limited by________ -✓✓the diffusion of gas and nutrients/waste
• What does an extant version of a prokaryotic cell have? -✓✓cytoplasm, ribosomes,
nucleoid, plasma membrane, cell wall and capsule
• Endomembrane theory -✓✓an infolded plasma membrane attached to a chromosome
in an ancestral prokaryote may have led to formation of plasma membrane. endocytosis
would have needed to occur
• What was the advantage of losing the cell wall? -✓✓allowed for flexibility of the cell
• What is the cytoskeleton composed of? -✓✓actin microtubules
• Do we know where the cytoskeleton came from? -✓✓NO. genes encoded not found in
bacteria or archaea
• The first true eukaryote likely possessed: -✓✓1) cytoskeleton
2)nuclear envelope
3) may have had an associated endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus
4)one or more flagella possibly
• What did the endosymbiotic theory develop? -✓✓Mitochondria and chloroplasts
• Peroxisomes -✓✓organelles capable of disarming toxic products of oxygen such as
hydrogen peroxide
• Approximately when did the first cells form on earth? -✓✓3.5 billion years ago
• What are the major differences in plant eukaryotic cells? -✓✓cell wall, chloroplasts and
a large vacuole
• What % water are we? -✓✓50-70%
