BIO 121 Module 6 Exam Essentials in Nutrition Questions and Answers (LATEST UPDATE)
Portage Learning
Which organ is responsible for the release of sodium bicarbonate, a chemical needed to
neutralize stomach acid? pancreas
What happens mostly in the large intestine (colon)? Water is absorbed
What is the correct process of protein synthesis? DNA is transcribed to mRNA which is
translated to Protein.
High protein diets can deplete the body of _______, _______, and ________ Water,
Calcium, Vitamin B6
Protein need is based on ________ body Weight
Lack of protein in the diet Kwashiorkor
_________ decreases transit time. Insoluble Fiber
protein component in food causing allergy Allergen (Antigen)
Protein that catalyze metabolic reactions, and are necessary for most biochemical reactions to
occur. enzyme
Digestive enzymes specifically break down food substances. Examples include:
________ for carbohydrate
,________ for protein, and
________ for Lipids/Fat. - amylase
- protease
- lipase
Chemicals produced by cells (typically in an endocrine gland), and are secreted, then affect the
behavior of cells at distal sites in the body. hormones
Examples of hormones in digestion include:
_________ and __________. cholecystokinin, secretin.
a muscular wave action that occurs throughout the intestinal tract. It is controlled by the central
nervous system and facilitates excretion by propelling food stuff through the body.
Peristalsis
what are the 3 accessory organs 1- Liver
2- Gallbladder
3- Pancreas
- Makes enzymes for the chemical digestion of carbs, proteins, and fats
- Makes sodium bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid pancreas
• _______ - Makes bile
• _______ - Stores bile - liver
- gallbladder
, Nutrients like water & lipid byproducts pass freely across membranes via a concentration
gradient. Passive (Simple) Diffusion (Transport)
Nutrients like water soluble vitamins diffuse across membranes using a specific/selective
transport proteins Facilitated Diffusion (Transport)
Nutrients like glucose & amino acids move across membranes against a concentration gradient
using a specific/selective transport protein & energy/ATP. Active Transport
Transportation of Nutrients
• _________: water soluble nutrients
• _________: fat soluble nutrients - Blood vessels
- Lymphatic vessels
Breaking down (things get smaller). Involve hydrolysis reactions. Are degrading or destructive in
nature. Catabolic reactions
Building up (things get bigger). Involve condensation reactions. Are synthesizing or constructive
in nature. Anabolic reactions
The balance of catabolic and anabolic reactions in a person so a relatively stable internal
environment or equilibrium is achieved. Homeostasis
Sites of Absorption
• ________ & ________: many nutrients
• ________: only selected nutrients
• ________: water - Duodenum, Jejunum
- Ileum
Portage Learning
Which organ is responsible for the release of sodium bicarbonate, a chemical needed to
neutralize stomach acid? pancreas
What happens mostly in the large intestine (colon)? Water is absorbed
What is the correct process of protein synthesis? DNA is transcribed to mRNA which is
translated to Protein.
High protein diets can deplete the body of _______, _______, and ________ Water,
Calcium, Vitamin B6
Protein need is based on ________ body Weight
Lack of protein in the diet Kwashiorkor
_________ decreases transit time. Insoluble Fiber
protein component in food causing allergy Allergen (Antigen)
Protein that catalyze metabolic reactions, and are necessary for most biochemical reactions to
occur. enzyme
Digestive enzymes specifically break down food substances. Examples include:
________ for carbohydrate
,________ for protein, and
________ for Lipids/Fat. - amylase
- protease
- lipase
Chemicals produced by cells (typically in an endocrine gland), and are secreted, then affect the
behavior of cells at distal sites in the body. hormones
Examples of hormones in digestion include:
_________ and __________. cholecystokinin, secretin.
a muscular wave action that occurs throughout the intestinal tract. It is controlled by the central
nervous system and facilitates excretion by propelling food stuff through the body.
Peristalsis
what are the 3 accessory organs 1- Liver
2- Gallbladder
3- Pancreas
- Makes enzymes for the chemical digestion of carbs, proteins, and fats
- Makes sodium bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid pancreas
• _______ - Makes bile
• _______ - Stores bile - liver
- gallbladder
, Nutrients like water & lipid byproducts pass freely across membranes via a concentration
gradient. Passive (Simple) Diffusion (Transport)
Nutrients like water soluble vitamins diffuse across membranes using a specific/selective
transport proteins Facilitated Diffusion (Transport)
Nutrients like glucose & amino acids move across membranes against a concentration gradient
using a specific/selective transport protein & energy/ATP. Active Transport
Transportation of Nutrients
• _________: water soluble nutrients
• _________: fat soluble nutrients - Blood vessels
- Lymphatic vessels
Breaking down (things get smaller). Involve hydrolysis reactions. Are degrading or destructive in
nature. Catabolic reactions
Building up (things get bigger). Involve condensation reactions. Are synthesizing or constructive
in nature. Anabolic reactions
The balance of catabolic and anabolic reactions in a person so a relatively stable internal
environment or equilibrium is achieved. Homeostasis
Sites of Absorption
• ________ & ________: many nutrients
• ________: only selected nutrients
• ________: water - Duodenum, Jejunum
- Ileum
