NSG 4100 Assessment 1 – Adult Health III
Solved 100% Correct
1. A patient with stable angina is prescribed a beta-blocker. Which medication is most
appropriate?
Answer: Metoprolol
Rationale: Cardioselective beta-blocker that decreases myocardial oxygen demand by
lowering heart rate and contractility.
2. A patient with acute pulmonary edema is struggling to breathe. What is the nurse’s
first action?
Answer: Elevate head of bed
Rationale: Improves ventilation and reduces venous return.
3. Which assessment best indicates renal perfusion in acute kidney injury?
Answer: Monitor urine output hourly
Rationale: Urine output is the most sensitive indicator of renal function.
4. A patient with heart failure presents with severe fluid overload. Which medication is
indicated?
Answer: IV furosemide
Rationale: Loop diuretic rapidly reduces fluid overload.
5. Before administering insulin, what must the nurse check?
Answer: Blood glucose level
Rationale: Prevents hypoglycemia by ensuring safe administration.
6. A patient with a new seizure disorder is admitted. What is the priority nursing
intervention?
Answer: Maintain seizure precautions
Rationale: Protects patient safety during neurological instability.
7. Post-op patient is at risk for atelectasis. What intervention is best?
Answer: Incentive spirometry
Rationale: Promotes alveolar expansion.
8. Which finding is most consistent with right-sided heart failure?
Answer: Jugular vein distension
Rationale: Indicates increased venous pressure.
9. A COPD patient requires oxygen. What is the safest initial delivery?
Answer: 2 L/min via nasal cannula
Rationale: Prevents CO₂ retention while improving oxygenation.
, 10. A patient on diuretics should be monitored for which electrolyte imbalance?
Answer: Hypokalemia
Rationale: Potassium loss increases risk of arrhythmias.
11. A patient in respiratory distress should be positioned how?
Answer: Semi-Fowler’s
Rationale: Optimizes breathing mechanics.
12. A patient with chest pain is prescribed nitroglycerin. How should it be administered?
Answer: Sublingual
Rationale: Rapid vasodilation relieves angina.
13. Which assessment is most important in peripheral vascular disease?
Answer: Pedal pulses
Rationale: Indicates arterial circulation.
14. Confusion in a hospitalized patient may indicate what?
Answer: Hypoxemia
Rationale: Early neurological sign of poor oxygenation.
15. Which dietary teaching is most appropriate for heart failure?
Answer: Low-sodium diet
Rationale: Reduces fluid retention.
16. Inhaler teaching: which should be used first?
Answer: Bronchodilator
Rationale: Opens airways before steroid inhaler.
17. A patient on heparin should be monitored for what complication?
Answer: Bleeding
Rationale: Anticoagulants increase hemorrhage risk.
18. What is the best intervention to prevent DVT post-surgery?
Answer: Early ambulation
Rationale: Promotes circulation and prevents clot formation.
19. Which medication reduces preload and anxiety in MI?
Answer: Morphine
Rationale: Improves oxygenation and relieves pain.
20. What is the best indicator of fluid balance in heart failure?
Answer: Daily weights
Rationale: More accurate than intake/output.
21. IV fluids in renal failure should be given how?
Solved 100% Correct
1. A patient with stable angina is prescribed a beta-blocker. Which medication is most
appropriate?
Answer: Metoprolol
Rationale: Cardioselective beta-blocker that decreases myocardial oxygen demand by
lowering heart rate and contractility.
2. A patient with acute pulmonary edema is struggling to breathe. What is the nurse’s
first action?
Answer: Elevate head of bed
Rationale: Improves ventilation and reduces venous return.
3. Which assessment best indicates renal perfusion in acute kidney injury?
Answer: Monitor urine output hourly
Rationale: Urine output is the most sensitive indicator of renal function.
4. A patient with heart failure presents with severe fluid overload. Which medication is
indicated?
Answer: IV furosemide
Rationale: Loop diuretic rapidly reduces fluid overload.
5. Before administering insulin, what must the nurse check?
Answer: Blood glucose level
Rationale: Prevents hypoglycemia by ensuring safe administration.
6. A patient with a new seizure disorder is admitted. What is the priority nursing
intervention?
Answer: Maintain seizure precautions
Rationale: Protects patient safety during neurological instability.
7. Post-op patient is at risk for atelectasis. What intervention is best?
Answer: Incentive spirometry
Rationale: Promotes alveolar expansion.
8. Which finding is most consistent with right-sided heart failure?
Answer: Jugular vein distension
Rationale: Indicates increased venous pressure.
9. A COPD patient requires oxygen. What is the safest initial delivery?
Answer: 2 L/min via nasal cannula
Rationale: Prevents CO₂ retention while improving oxygenation.
, 10. A patient on diuretics should be monitored for which electrolyte imbalance?
Answer: Hypokalemia
Rationale: Potassium loss increases risk of arrhythmias.
11. A patient in respiratory distress should be positioned how?
Answer: Semi-Fowler’s
Rationale: Optimizes breathing mechanics.
12. A patient with chest pain is prescribed nitroglycerin. How should it be administered?
Answer: Sublingual
Rationale: Rapid vasodilation relieves angina.
13. Which assessment is most important in peripheral vascular disease?
Answer: Pedal pulses
Rationale: Indicates arterial circulation.
14. Confusion in a hospitalized patient may indicate what?
Answer: Hypoxemia
Rationale: Early neurological sign of poor oxygenation.
15. Which dietary teaching is most appropriate for heart failure?
Answer: Low-sodium diet
Rationale: Reduces fluid retention.
16. Inhaler teaching: which should be used first?
Answer: Bronchodilator
Rationale: Opens airways before steroid inhaler.
17. A patient on heparin should be monitored for what complication?
Answer: Bleeding
Rationale: Anticoagulants increase hemorrhage risk.
18. What is the best intervention to prevent DVT post-surgery?
Answer: Early ambulation
Rationale: Promotes circulation and prevents clot formation.
19. Which medication reduces preload and anxiety in MI?
Answer: Morphine
Rationale: Improves oxygenation and relieves pain.
20. What is the best indicator of fluid balance in heart failure?
Answer: Daily weights
Rationale: More accurate than intake/output.
21. IV fluids in renal failure should be given how?
